Carbohydrates- monosccarides and diosaccarides Flashcards
What is the ratio for the compounds which contain hydrogen oxygen and carbon?
The number of H to O atoms is 2:1.
What is a monoccacaride?
one sugar
What is an example of a monoccacaride?
-Glucose
-Fructose
What is a diaccaharide?
Two sugars.
What is an example of a diasccacaride?
-Maltose
-Sucrose
-Lactose
What is condensation reaction?
Synthesising a substance by removing a water molocule.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Breaking down a substance by adding a water molocule.
-Can use enzymes to catalyse the reaction.
What is a monomer?
An smaller/repeating unit from which polymers are made
What happens to longer chains of monoscaccarides?
Where does the ring join?
-Form a ring structure which is more stable than a chain structure-has a double bond which is harder to break
-Carbon 1 and carbon 5
What is a hydroxyl group?
An oxygen and carbon (OH)
Is beta glucose above or below the hydroxyl group?
Above carbon 1
Is alpha glucose above or below the hydroxyl group?
Below carbon 1
What is the name for alpha and beta glucose?
Isomers
What reaction creates a diaccacaride?
A condensation reaction.
What is a glycosidic bond?
The oxygen is taken of carbon 1 and 4 and creates a ‘bridge’ of an oxygen atom between the two monomers.
What bond does a disaccaride form?
A glycosidic bond.
What is the reaction between alpha glucose and fructose and what enzyme is used?
-Sucrose and water
-Sucrase
What is the reaction between alpha glucose and galactose and what enzyme is used?
-Lactose and water.
-Lactase
What is the reaction between alpha glucose and alpha glucose and what enzyme is used?
-Maltose and water.
-Maltase
How many bonds can carbon form?
4 bonds.
How is a glycosidic bond formed?
When the oxygen is taken of carbon 1 and carbon 4 to join two monomers in a condensation reaction.
