DNA and Inheritance

Question 1

Many mutations are harmful, but..

Answer 1

Some are neutral and a few are beneficial

Question 2

Nucleus contains…

Answer 2

Chromosomes on which genes are located.

Question 3

Genes exist in alternative forms called..

Answer 3

Alleles, which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics.

Question 4

A gene is…

Answer 4

A section of a molecule of DNA and it codes for a specific protein.

Question 5

Mutation is…

Answer 5

A rare, random change in genetic material that can be inherited.

Question 6

Define: dominant

Answer 6

A characteristic which will show up in the offspring even if only 1 allele is inherited.

Question 7

Define: genotype

Answer 7

The genetic makeup of an organism concerning the alleles of a particular gene.

Question 8

Define: recessive

Answer 8

A characteristic which shows up in the offspring only when both alleles are inherited.

Question 9

Define: homozygous

Answer 9

When the two alleles for a particular gene on a pair of chromosomes are the same.

Question 10

Define: heterozygous

Answer 10

When the two alleles for a particular gene on a pair of chromosomes are different.

Question 11

Define: phenotype

Answer 11

The physical characteristics of an organism with respect to one or more particular genes

Question 12

Pair of chromosomes in person that determines sex.

Answer 12

XX female

XY male

Question 13

DNA ligases

Answer 13

Are enzymes that join cut ends of DNA molecules

After restriction enzymes

Question 14

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 14

Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific points. Different restriction enzymes cut DNA at different places. They can be to cut out specific genes from a molecule of DNA.
(Before DNA ligases)

Question 15

Plasmids and viruses as vectors

Answer 15

They are vectors because it is the means of transferring the gene.

Question 16

Process of cloning

Answer 16

1 Take unspecialized sematic cell from the animal you want to clone.
2 take egg from donor
3 enucleate egg cell
4 put nucleus from sematic cell into enucleated egg cell.
5 add chemical to make egg divide
6 implant cell into surrogate mother.

Question 17

What is a DNA molecule?

Answer 17

2 strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a series of paired bases.
Adenine (A) -> thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) -> guanine (G)

Question 18

monohybrid

Answer 18

simple one gene inheritance

Question 19

monohybrid

Answer 19

simple one gene inheritance

Question 20

Likelihood of mutations can be increased by…

Answer 20

Exposure to ionizing radiation and some chemical mutagens (eg chemicals in tobacco)

Question 21

Transgenic

Answer 21

The transfer of genetic material from one species to a different species.

Question 22

What are the two DNA strands called?

Answer 22

The anti-sense strand and the sense strand.

Only the sense strand codes for the manufacture of proteins in a cell

Question 23

Define haploid

Answer 23

Having only one set of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell

Question 24

Define diploid

Answer 24

Having two sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell - one from both parents