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DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

genes are segments of DNA

DNA twists up to form chromosomes

Found in the nucleus of our cells.

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2
Q

DNA is composed of basic subunits called

A

nucleotides

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3
Q

The 3 parts of a Nucleotide

A

deoxyribose

phosphate group

nitrogenous base

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4
Q

The 4 nitrogen different bases

A

adenine

thymine

guanine

cytosine

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5
Q

the bonding pattern for the nitrogen bases is

A

A bonds with T

C bonds with G

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6
Q

the shape of a DNA molecule is a

A

double helix

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7
Q

sides/backbone of ladder

A

phosphate (connected by strong and covalent bonds) and sugar

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8
Q

Rungs of ladder

A

nitrogenous bases (held together by weak hydrogen bonds)

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9
Q

what is the building blocks of a DNA called?

A

Nucleotide

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10
Q

All organisms contain DNA with the same 4 types of nucleotides. So then how is life all different.

A

A-T-C-G (GATTACA) Can be rearranged to create different instructions for different traits. Similar to how we can make different words out of our 26 letter alphabet. (DNA IS complementary)

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11
Q

Image of a nucleotide.

A
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12
Q

How many cells make up a typical human body?

A

Trillions

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13
Q

Why is having more cells an advantage?

A

The more cells an organism has the more complex it is.

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14
Q

Not all cells are the same. What are some things that can vary about cells?

A

Organelles: because they are tiny organs that can perform different jobs in a cell.

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15
Q

What conclusions can you come to from this image?

A

70% of a cell is made of water

30% contains varying molecules

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16
Q

What is the main way that scientists group cells?

A

Scientist categorize them by how their genetic material is packaged.

Prokaryotik vs. Euekaryotik

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17
Q

What type of cells are you made of?

A

Euekaryotic

18
Q
A
19
Q

What cell is this? What is the structure?

A

this is Skeletal Muscle Cell

Structure -

* long thin shape

*multiple nuclei per cell

*lots of mitochondria

20
Q

What cell is this? What is the function of this cell?

A

Function-

*bands contract and stretch to manage the length of the cell.

*Control the many jobs of the long cell.

*Provides a site for energy production.

21
Q

What is this cell? What is the structure of this cell?

A

Red blood cell.

*Structure-

*Smooth and round

* Flattened disc shape

*Hemoglobin only

(No nucleus)

22
Q

What is this cell? What is the function of this cell?

A

Function -

*Fits through small vessels

*Increases surface area to volume ratio.

*Carries oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

23
Q

What is this cell? What is the structure of this cell?

A

Fat cell

Structure-

*Nucleus and other organelles pushed to edges of the cell.

*Cells compacted together

* large vacuole

24
Q

What is this cell? what is the function of this cell?

A

Function

*Fat storage takes up most of the cell’s volume

*provides padding and insulation

*Stored fat services as an energy source in times at salvation.

25
Q

what kind of cell is this? What kind of structure is this?

A

Plant leaf cell

Structure-

*Rectangular shape chloroplasts found near the edges

*Thick Cell wall

*Vacuole

26
Q

What kind of cell is this? What is the function?

A

Function -

*Captures light for photosynthesis

*Gives support

*stores water and keeps plants rigid.

27
Q

what kind of cell is this? what is the structure of this cell?

A

Plant root cell

Structure -

*hair-like projections extending from the cell wall

*No chloroplasts

*Large vacuole

28
Q

what kind of this cell? what is the function of this cell?

A

Function-

*Increase surface area to absorb water and nutrients in the soil.

*Can not absorb sunlight.

*Store nutrients

29
Q

what kind of cell is this? what is the structure of this cell?

A

Osteocytes

Structure-

*extensions from cell membranes

*Ribosomes

*Golgi apparatus

30
Q

what cell is this? what is the function of this cell?

A

Function-

*Communicate by sending chemical messages

*Create and secrete proteins to strengthen the tissue.

*Package minerals and compounds.

31
Q

what kind of cell is this? what is the structure of this cell?

A

Neuron

Structure-

*synaptic cleft between cells

*cell body with specialized extensions (dendrites and axons)

32
Q

what kind of cell is this? what is the function of this cell?

A

function -

*Pass signals to each other

*receives information

*Transmits info to another cell

33
Q

They are catalysts. They sped up to a rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy.

A

Enzymes

34
Q

strengthens cell, tissues, organs and more. Nature can build materials that are very strong.

A

Structural Proteins

35
Q

allows cells to communicate with each other. Signals, receptors, and relay proteins. Work together to get information from the outside or a cell to the inside.

A

Signaling Proteins

36
Q

These proteins bind DNA to turn genes on and off. The active genes are used to build proteins.

A

Regulatory Proteins

37
Q

move molecules and nutrients around the boy in and out of cells.

A

Transport Proteins

38
Q

these proteins help us learn about our environment. They help us detect light, sound, touch, smell, taste, pain and heat.

A

Sensory Proteins

39
Q

These proteins keep cells moving and changing shape. They also transport components around inside cells.

A

Motor Proteins

40
Q

these proteins help organisms fight infection, heal damaged tissue, and evade predators.

A

Defense Proteins

41
Q

these proteins store nutrients and use energy-rich molecules for later use.

A

Storage Proteins

Biology DNA (9 decks)

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