DMH1- Human microbiomre

Question 1

What is ment by the term microbiome ?

Answer 1

The combined genetic material of the microorganisms in a particular environment (aka the microorganisms in a particular environment)

Question 2

What is ment by human microbiome ?

Answer 2

The collective genomes of the microbes (bacteria, fungi, protazoa, virus) that live inside and on the human body.

Question 3

How have we studied microorganisms ?

Answer 3

Purifyand culture them in laboritories

Grow thm in rich mediums

Study how they behave in isolation

Study their genetics, biochemistry and metabolic pathways

Question 4

Why are many microbes not culturable in isolation?

Answer 4

Laboritories dont have what they require.

E.g. the communities and ecosystems that they grow in etc

Question 5

Different regions of the body have their own microbes. Where are these regions?

Answer 5

Skin regions 
Mouth cavity 
Conjunctivia
Nose 
Urogenital tract 
breastmilk 
GIT

Question 6

What molecular tools can be used to study microbiomes ?

Answer 6

DNA sequencing-
What pecies are present? In what mumber?
Metagenomics: sequence all genes in a samplee reassemble genomes from the fragment

RNA sequencing-
Transcriptomics: What genes are being exposed in what quantities ?

Proteomic- Mass spectrometry: What proteins are present. Are they modified by phosphorylation?

Metabolomics: What small molecules/metabollites are in the sample? In what quantities ?

Question 7

Establish the microbiome in the first months of life.

Answer 7

Rupture of amniotic membrane

Exposed to vaginal, faecal, skin microbes

Microbes enter newborn though mouth,nose,eyes,ears and on skin

Breathing- airborn microbes colonise upper respiratoory tract

Breast milk contain microbes