DME (finish after watching videos) Flashcards
Symptoms of acute cardiac ischaemia
Chest pain
Nausea/vomiting
Pale and clammy skin
Decreased oxygen saturation
High respiratory and heart rates
Confusion and anxiety
What is the treatment of ACI
Call emergency services immediately.
Administer oxygen if indicated, aiming for adequate saturation levels.
Monitor vital signs and provide reassurance to the patient.
Prepare for the possibility of CPR if the patient becomes unresponsive.
How do you administer GTN
- hold bottle upright - DONT shake
- activate pump
- position pt so you can spray under tongue and place bottle against chin
- tell pt not to breathe when you activate the pump
- with the pt tongue raised, activate spray (400mcg)
to sublingual tissue - tell pt to close mouth and breathe normally
- note the time
Symptoms of hypoxia
Increased respiratory rate
High heart rate
Confusion or reduced consciousness
Low oxygen saturation (below 94%)
what is the tx for hypoxia
Administer oxygen to maintain desired saturation levels, adjusting based on the patient’s condition.
Monitor the patient continuously during oxygen therapy.
what are the symptoms of anaphylaxis
Stridor or wheeze
Swelling of the tongue and soft palate
High respiratory rate
Low blood pressure
Urticarial or erythematous rash
Confusion or fatigue
what is the tx for anaphylaxis
Administer adrenaline via an auto-injector without delay.
Call emergency services.
Administer oxygen and position the patient comfortably.
Monitor vital signs and consider further doses of adrenaline if symptoms persist.
How to administer IM adrenaline for anaphylaxis
- Delegate team member to prepare IM injection
- expose pt skin ar anterolateral aspect of middle 1/3rd of thigh
- administer adrenaline using IM injection (strectch), aspirate to ensure not in a blood vessel
- immediately dispose of sharps
- record time and dose of administration
what are the symptoms of asthma
Wheezing
Chest tightness
Shortness of breath
Increased respiratory effort
what is the tx for asthma
Administer a loading dose of 4 activations of Salbutamol via an inhaler.
Ensure oxygen is available if the patient is hypoxic.
Plan safe discharge with an asthma action plan, making sure the patient has access to necessary medications.
how to use inhaler
- remove cap
- insert inhaler mouthpiece into spacer
- shake spacer/inhaler
- advise pt to continue breathing
- apply spacer mask over nose and mouth
- after pt has exhaled, give 1 activation of inhaler and hold the spacer mask in place for tidal breaths
- remove spacer mask and repeat 3-6, as required
how to do peak exipratory flow rate
- sit patient up
- instruct pt to make forced exhale into PEF
- record 3 results
- compare test results with pt norm or best predicted
what are the symptoms of hyperventilation syndrome
Dizziness
Chest pain
Tingling in lips and fingers
Anxiety
High respiratory rate
what is the tx for hyperventilation syndrome
- remove obvious stressor
- calm environment
- coach to slow breathing
- coach to breathe through pursed lips
- offer drink to naturally slow breathing
- coach abdominal breathing
- coach to limited air fklow nostril breathing
- alternate nostril closure with inhale and exhale
Monitor the patient’s condition and provide support until symptoms resolve.
What are the symptoms for hypoglycaemia
Confusion
Sweating
Tremors
Dizziness
Potential loss of consciousness
What is the tx for hypoglycaemia
If the patient is conscious, administer fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., glucose tablets or juice).
If unconscious, administer glucagon if available and call emergency services.
Monitor blood glucose levels; continuously observe for recovery.
What are the treatment for hypoglycaemia
If the patient is conscious, administer fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., glucose tablets or juice).
If unconscious, administer glucagon if available and call emergency services.
Monitor blood glucose levels; continuously observe for recovery.
how to give glucose oral gel
squirt half a tube (25g) into lower buccal sulci
gently rub outside of cheek, repeat with a second tube
pt can swallow glucose oral gel
how to give glucagon hypo kit
- check allergies, dose, expiry then open pack
- take prefilled syringe 1.1ml water for injection and remove vial cap
- inject 1.1ml water for injection into vial
- gently agitate until white powdered cake has dissolved and solution is clear
- withdraw solution back into syringe
- inject IM/SC??
What are the symptoms of seizures
Uncontrollable shaking or convulsions
Loss of consciousness
Muscle rigidity
What are the treatment for seizures
Protect the patient from injury by moving surrounding objects away.
Time the seizure; if it lasts longer than 2 minutes, prepare for emergency intervention.
Position the patient on their side and apply Midazolam if trained and necessary.
Stay with the patient until they regain consciousness and are stable.
What are the symptoms of syncope
Brief loss of consciousness
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Weakness
What is the tx for syncope
Position the patient safely, ideally lying down with legs elevated to enhance blood flow to the brain.
Monitor vital signs and assess for any signs indicating a serious underlying condition.
If recovery is incomplete or the patient shows concerning symptoms (e.g., chest pain), call emergency services.
