Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > DMARDs and Immunomodulators > Flashcards

DMARDs and Immunomodulators Flashcards

1
Q

DMARDs - Clinical use

A

Rheumatoid arthritis – limited use (resistance to drug within 5 years, adverse effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glucocorticoid

A

Prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prednisone - MoA

A

Induce formation of lipocortin which inhibits phospholipase A2, This inhibits release of arachidonic acid. Also inhibit production of cytokines (ILs, TNF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prednisone - Clinical use

A

RA to induce remission while waiting for slower-acting DMARD to work.
Short courses during flare-ups. Continuous low-dose background therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Methotrexate - Classification

A

Antineoplastic and immunomodulating drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Methotrexate - MoA

A

Inhibition of human folate reductase which decreases thymidylate and DNA synthesis.

Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and production of cytokines and rheumatoid factor.

Interferes with polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, which reduces cytotoxins and free radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Methotrexate - Clinical use

A

DMARD of choice in most patients with RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Methotrexate - Contraindications

A

Pregnancy and in combination with leflunomide because of hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Methotrexate - Adverse effects

A

GI, hematologic, hepatic, pulmonary reactions.

Elevated liver enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Leflunomide - Classification

A

Immunosuppressive drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Leflunomide - MoA

A

Inhibits leukocyte and T-cell proliferation by inhibiting pyrimidine synthesis (DNA replication, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis) in immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Leflunomide - Clinical use

A

Alternative to methotrexate for RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Leflunomide - Contraindications

A

Pregnancy and in combination with methotrexate because of hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leflunomide - Adverse effects

A

Diarrhea Reversible alopecia (baldness)
Increased serum hepatic enzymes
Teratogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leflunomide - Interactions

A

Inhibition of CYP2C9: increases serum levels of many drugs (ibuprofen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydroxychloroquine - Classification

A

Antimalarial drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydroxychloroquine - MoA

A

Reduces chemotaxis and phagocytosis of PMNs, reduced superoxides from these cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydroxychloroquine - Adverse effects

A

Blurred vision, scotomas, night blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anti TNF-α agents

A 
Etanercept 
Infliximab 
Adalimumab 
Cetrolizumab 
Golimumab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anti TNF-α agents - MoA

A

Binds to and inactivates TNF-α. Newer agents prevents interleukin binding and T-cell activation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anti TNF-α agents - Adverse effects

A

Serious infections and sepsis
Tuberculosis and invasive opportunistic fungal infections
Lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Etanercept - MoA

A

Dimer of human TNF receptor fused to IgG constant region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Etanercept - Clinical use

A

RA resistant to other DMARDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Etanercept can be combined with

A

Methotrexate

25
Q

Etanercept - Adverse effects

A

Injection site reactions

26
Q

Infliximab - MoA

A

MAb binds to TNF-α and prevents it from activating TNF-α receptor

27
Q

Infliximab - Clinical use

A

Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis

ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis* *=Katzung

28
Q

Infliximab can be combined with

A

Methotrexate

29
Q

Infliximab - Adverse effects

A

Hypersensitivity reactions
Infection
Malignancy
Reactivation of latent TB

30
Q

Adalimumab - MoA

A

Human IgG1 MAb similar to daclizumab, specific for human TNF α

31
Q

Cetrolizumab - MoA

A

Pegylated Mab directed against TNF α.

32
Q

Golimumab - MoA

A

Human Mab that binds to both the soluble and transmembrane forms of human TNFα. This interaction prevents the binding of TNFα to its receptor, thereby inhibiting the biologic activity of TNFα.

33
Q

Cytokine inhibitors

A

Anakinra
Canakinumab
Rilonacept

34
Q

Anakinra - MoA

A

Recombinant form of the human interleukin- 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Blocks the biologic activity of IL-1 by competitively inhibiting IL-1 binding to the interleukin-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI).

35
Q

Anakinra - Clinical use

36
Q

Canakinumab - MoA

A

Recombinant human anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody. It binds to human IL-1β and prevents it from binding to IL-1 receptors.

37
Q

Rilonacept - MoA

A

Dimeric fusion protein consisting of the ligand-binding domains of the extracellular portions of the human interleukin-1 receptor component (IL-1RI) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1.

38
Q

Abatacept - MoA

A

Selective costimulation modulator, inhibits T-cell activation by binding to cell surface markers (proteins) in leukocytes.

39
Q

Abatacept - Clinical use

A

RA, Sjögren, Psoriasis

40
Q

Tocilizumab - MoA

A

Humanized anti-IL-6 receptor Mab. Binds selectively to IL-6 receptors and blocks IL-6 acitivity.

41
Q

Tocilizumab - Clinical use

A

RA

Active systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in patients 2 y and older

42
Q

Sulfasalazine - Clinical use

43
Q

Sulfasalazine - Contraindication

A

Sulfa-allergy

44
Q

D-Penicillamine - MoA

A

Reduces blood levels of inflammation cytokines

45
Q

D-Penicillamine - Clinical use

A

RA Less used, better alternatives today.

Copper chelating agent in Willsons disease

46
Q

Apremilast - MoA

A

Inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) –> increases cAMP levels, which decreases expression of TNFα and other proinflammatory cytokines.

47
Q

Which cytokine inhibitor has the same adverse effects as the TNFα blockers?

48
Q

Aldesleukin - MoA

A

Recombinant interleukin-2

49
Q

Aldesleukin - Clinical use

A

Adjunctive treatment of renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

50
Q

Daclizumab - MoA

A

Highly specific MAb that binds to the alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor displayed on the surface of T cells and prevents activation by IL-2

51
Q

Daclizumab - Clinical use

A

Prevent renal transplant rejection. In comb with other immunosuppressants

52
Q

Interferon–α-2a - MoA

A

Inhibits cell proliferation

53
Q

Interferon–α-2a - Clinical use

A

Hairy cell leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, malignant melanoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Hepatitis B and C.

54
Q

Interferon-b-1b - Clinical use

A

Relapsing multiple sclerosis

55
Q

Interferon-g-1b - MoA

A

Greater immune-enhancing actions. Act by increasing the synthesis of TNF.

56
Q

Interferon-g-1b - Clinical use

A

Recombinant form: decrease the incidence and severity of infections in patient with chronic granulomatous disease

57
Q

Canakinumab - Clinical use

A

Gout, Systemic juvenile arthritis

58
Q

Rilonacept - Clinical use

59
Q

Sulfasalazine - MoA

A

Suppress T cell response to concanavalin, inhibit B-cell proliferation, and release of inflammatory cytokines.

Pharmacology (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions