Antineoplastic drugs Flashcards
DNA synthesis inhibitors
Methotrexate
Mercaptopurine
Floururacil
Methotrexate - Clinical use
Induce remission in children with childhood leukemia, ALL, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, bladder cancer
Mercaptopurine - Clinical use
Combo with MTX: Maintain remission of Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
Fluorouracil - Clinical use
Breast, colorectal, and gastric and skin cancer
DNA cross-linking and intercalating drugs
Cyclophosphamide Carmustine Cisplatin Busulfan Bleomycin Doxorubicin
Cyclophosphamide - Clinical use
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Breast, lung, and ovarian cancers.
Immunosuppressant: RA and many autoimmune diseases
Cyclophosphamide - Adverse effects
Pancytopenia, Hemorrhagic cystitis (can be prevented or treated with mesna), cardiac toxicity, electrolyte disturbances, and GI toxicity
Hemorrhagic cystitis –> Urinary frequency, irritation, blood loss
-Mesna binds to acrolein, the drug metabolite that causes cystitis, and converts it to an inactive substance
Nitrogen mustard
Cyclophosphamide
Nitrosourea drug
Carmustine
Carmustine - Clinical use
Brain tumors (ex. astrocytoma)
Platinum compound
Cisplatin
Cisplatin - Clinical use
First-line: Testicular, ovarian, cervical, bladder, and lung cancers.
Other solid tumors.
DNA alkylating drug
Busulfan
Busulfan - Clinical use
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Busulfan - Adverse effects
Dose-limiting myelosuppression.
Pulmonary fibrosis (“busulfan lung”, nonproductive cough and difficult breathing).
DNA intercalating drug
Bleomycin
Bleomycin - Clinical use
Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, testicular cancer, several other solid tumors.
Anthracycline drug
Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin - Clinical use
Breast cancer, bladder and ovarian cancer, Hodgkin disease, hematologic disorders, solid tumors
DNA topoisomerase inhibitors
Etoposide
Irinotecan
Etoposide - Clinical use
non-hodgkin lymphoma, lung, gastric, testicular cancer
Irinotecan - Clinical use
Colorectal, GI and lung cancer
Mitotic inhibitors
Paclitaxel
Vincristine
Vincristine - Clinical use
Hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphomas , neuroblastoma
Vincristine - Adverse effects
Peripheral neuropathy, Paresthesia, Cranial nerve damage
Little myelosuppression.
Paclitaxel - Clinical use
Breast and ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer
Enzyme and Proteasome Inhibitors
Bortezomib
Imatinib
Vemurafenib
Bortezomib – Clinical use
Multiple myeloma
Mantle cell lymphoma
Imatinib – Clinical use
Chronic myeloid leukemia.
GI stromal tumors associated with c-kit mutations.
Vemurafenib – Clinical use
Combined for synergistic effect for treating metastatic melanoma
Cancer Immunotherapy Agents
Rituximab
Trastuzumab
Interferon alfa
Rituximab – Clinical use
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Trastuzumab – Clinical use
Metastatic breast cancer
Immunosuppressant Drugs
Azathioprine Mycophenolate Basiliximab Daclizumab Cyclosporine Sirolimus Tacrolimus
Basiliximab, Daclizumab – Clinical use
Renal transplantation (they prevent acute transplant rejection)
