Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Antiparasitic drugs (Most important) > Flashcards

Antiparasitic drugs (Most important) Flashcards

1
Q

Metronidazole - Classification

A

Nitromidazole compound, tissue amebicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metronidazole - MoA

A

It inhibits nucleic acid synthesis by disrupting the DNA of microbial cells.

Inhibit pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Metronidazole - Clinical use

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lamblia)
Trichonomas vaginalis

Anaerobic bacteria:
Bacteroides fragilis
Helicobacter pylori
Clostridium difficle

Amebiasis
Giardiasis
Trichonomiasis

Dracunculiasis by Dracunulus medinensis (Guinea worm infection)
Enterocolitis
Rosacea (acne rosacea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metronidazole - Contraindications

A

Contraindicated during first trimester of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metronidazole - Adverse effects

A

Metallic taste
Transient leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Metronidazole - Interactions

A

Increased effect of warfarin.

Ethanol: disulfiram-like reaction

Serum levels affected by drugs inhibiting/inducing CYP3A4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drugs for malaria

A 
Quinine
Chloroquine 
Mefloquinine 
Primaquine 
Artesunate
Artemether 
Atovaquone
Proguanil 
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadoxine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Quinine, Chloroquine, Mefloquinine - MoA

A

Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis/function during erythrocytic schizogony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Quinine - Clinical use

A

Alternative to artesunate for severe malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chloroquine - Clinical use

A

P. falciparum, prevention and treatment

Combination with primaquine to eradicate P. vivax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chloroquine - Contraindications

A

Should be used cautiously in pregnant women because fetal damage has been reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chloroquine - Adverse effects

A

Toxic overdose: Retinal damage and blindness

Exacerbation of psoriasis and pruritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mefloquinine - Clinical use

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of falciparum malaria, where it is known to be effective

Combination with artesunate is a first-line therapy in parts of Southeast Asia and South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mefloquinine - Adverse effects

A

Severe neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by hallucinations, anxiety, confusion, seizures and coma

Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Bradycardia and arrythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primaquine - Classification

A

Aminoquinoline derivative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primaquine - MoA

A

Form quinones that oxidize and destroy schizont membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primaquine - Clinical use

A

P. vivax and P. ovale in combination with chloroquine or other drugs

18
Q

Primaquine - Contraindications

A

G6PD deficiency

19
Q

Primaquine - Adverse effects

A

Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency

20
Q

Artesunate, Artemether - MoA

A

Form free radicals that attack heme and proteins in malarial parasites and inhibit erythocytic schizogony

21
Q

Artesunate - Clinical use

A

IV is 1st line for severe falciparum malaria (children + adults)
P. vivax

22
Q

Artemether - Clinical use

A

P. falciparum malaria

P. vivax

23
Q

Atovaquone - MoA

A

Inh synthesis of pyrimidines and nucleic acid synthesis by selective inhibition of mitochondria electron transport in plasmodia

24
Q

Atovaquone - Clinical use

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in combination with proguanil or doxycycline

Alone: pneumocystitis jiroveci infections

25
Q

Proguanil - MoA

A

Inh synthesis of pyrimidines and nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting folate reductase

26
Q

Proguanil - Clinical use

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of Chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in combination with atovaquone

27
Q

Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine - MoA

A

Inhibit folic acid synthesis

28
Q

Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine - Clinical use

A

Malaria

Toxoplasmosis (with sulfadiazine)

29
Q

Pyrimethamine, Sulfadoxine - Adverse effects

A

Skin rashes

Megaloblastic anemia and other hematologic reactions

30
Q

Drugs for toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

Spiramycin

31
Q

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine - Clinical use

A

Toxoplasmosis in AIDS

32
Q

Spiramycin - Classification

A

Macrolide

33
Q

Spiramycin - Clinical use

A

Fetal toxoplasmosis

34
Q

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine - Adverse effects

A

Folate deficiency and hematologic abnormalities

35
Q

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine - Interactions

A

Leucovorin (folic acid) can be added to reduce the hematologic effects of these drugs

36
Q

Albendazole - Classification

A

Benzimidazole compound

37
Q

Albendazole - MoA

A

Binds β-tubulin and inhibit its polymerization to form microtubules in the parasites. Makes it impossible for them to obtain glucose.

38
Q

Albendazole - Clinical use

A

Intestinal nematode infections (ascariasis, capillariasis, hookworm inf, pinworm inf, whiphworm inf)

Trichinosis (combo with corticosteroid to relieve inflamation)

Cysticercosis, echinococcosis, microsporidiosis

39
Q

Albendazole - Contraindications

A

Contraindicated during pregnancy because of potential to inhibit mitosis and impair fetal development

40
Q

Albendazole - Adverse effects

A

Well tolerated

High doses: Hepatitis, hemtologic toxicity

41
Q

Albendazole - Interactions

A

Increased absorption with high fat meal

42
Q

Pyrimethamine - Contraindications

A

Folate deficiency anemia (Vitamin B9)

Pharmacology (55 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions