Divisions of the nervous system part 2

Question 1

Higher centers of the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

1. The motor area
2. The sensory area
3. the auditory area
4. The visual area
5. The motor speech area
6. The parietal area

Question 2

The sensory area

Answer 2

• It’s the postcentral gyrus
• The right cerebral cortex appreciates sensations from
  the left side of the body vice versa.

Question 3

The motor area

Answer 3

The precentral gyrus is called the motor
cortex where all voluntary movements are initiated.

Question 4

The auditory area

Answer 4

the cortex of the temporal lobe immediately below the lateral sulcus is called the auditory area and is concerned with the appreciation of impulses from inner ear which is transmitted in the auditory nerve.

Question 5

The visual area

Answer 5

• The cortex of the greater part of the
  occipital lobe.
• It receives impulses from the retina which are transmitted in the optic nerve.

Question 6

The motor speech area

Answer 6

• The cortex of the frontal lobe, just above the anterior end of the lateral sulcus is called Broca’s area.
• concerned with initiating the
  voluntary movements which produce speech.

Question 7

The parietal area

Answer 7

the cortex of most of the parietal lobe
is thought to be associated with stereognosis

Question 8

stereognosis

Answer 8

the recognition of objects by touch and feel without the aid of vision

Question 9

The midbrain

Answer 9

• area of the brain situated around the
  cerebral aqueduct between the cerebrum above and the pons below.
• It consists of nuclei and nerve fibres (tracts), which connect the cerebrum with lower parts of the brain and with the spinal cord.
• The nuclei act as relay stations for the ascending and descending nerve fibres and have important roles in auditory and visual reflexes.

Question 10

The pons

Answer 10

• The pons lies below the midbrain in front of the cerebellum and above the medulla oblongata.
• It is composed mainly of nerve fibres passing between the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord, and of nerve fibres passing from one cerebellar hemisphere to the other.

Question 11

The medulla oblongata

Answer 11

• The medulla oblongata is a vital part of the brainstem,
• located at the base of the brain.
• It connects the brain to the spinal cord and is responsible for controlling several crucial involuntary functions.

Question 12

Autonomic reflexes associated with the Medulla oblongata.

Answer 12

1. cardiovascular centre,
2. respiratory centre,
3. reflex centers of vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing.

Question 13

Decussation of the pyramids

Answer 13

• In the medulla, motor nerves from the cerebrum to the spinal cord in the pyramidal tracts cross from one side to the other.
• This explains why the left cerebral hemisphere controls the activities of the right side.

Question 14

The cardiovascular centre (CVC)

Answer 14

• This area controls the rate and
  force of cardiac contraction. It also controls blood pressure

Question 14

The respiratory centre

Answer 14

• Reflex centres. This area controls the rate and depth of
  respiration.
• Nerve impulses pass to the phrenic and intercostal nerves
  which stimulate contraction of the diaphragm and
  intercostal muscles, thus initiating inspiration.
• Irritants present in the stomach or respiratory tract stimulate
  the medulla oblongata, activating the reflex centres.
• Vomiting, coughing and sneezing are protective reflexes that
  attempt to expel irritants

Question 15

Functions of the cerebellum

Answer 15

• Maintenance of balance and posture,
• Co-ordination of voluntary muscular
  movement

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

• Lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the pons and medulla oblongata.

Question 16

What name is given to the narrow strip that separates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum.

Answer 16

vermis

Question 17

what name is given to the pairs of bundles in which the nerve fibres enter the cerebellum.

Answer 17

Cerebellar peduncles.

Question 18

List the cerebellar peduncles

Answer 18

a. The Superior peduncles
b. The Middle peduncles
c. The inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 19

The superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 19

• connects the cerebellum with the midbrain and transmit efferent fibres from the cerebellum.

Question 20

The middle cerebellar peduncles.

Answer 20

• Connect the cerebellum with the pons and contain afferent fibres.

Question 21

The Inferior cerebellar peduncles

Answer 21

connect the
cerebellum with the medulla oblongata and which also
contain afferent fibres.