diversity of matter and chemical bonding

Question 1

IONIC BONDING

Answer 1

formation of chemical bonds; elements gain, lose, or share pairs of valence electrons to achieve stability

Question 2

what elements have a stable duet

Answer 2

H, He, Li
(small elements)

Question 3

LEWIS SYMBOLS

Answer 3

chemical symbol of the element
use dots to represent valence electron

Question 4

LONE PAIR

Answer 4

not involved in bonding

Question 5

BONDING ELECTRON

Answer 5

involved in bonding

Question 6

CATION

Answer 6

no valence electron, metal

Question 7

ANION

Answer 7

stable octet, non-metal

Question 8

CRYSTAL LATTICE

Answer 8

3D, alternating positive and negative, electrostatic attractions

Question 9

PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

Answer 9

sold at rm temp
soluble
conductive solution
high melting point
brittle, shatterable (like charges repel)

Question 10

COVALENT BOND

Answer 10

non-metal atoms share pairs of valence electron
each of the 2 non-metal atoms contributes to 1 bonding electron to the bond

Question 11

SINGLE COVALENT BOND

Answer 11

attraction of the 2 electron to the positive charge of the 2 adjacent nuclei

Question 12

TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS

Answer 12

single: 1 shared pair of e-
double: 2 shared pair of e-
triple: 3 shared pair of e-

Question 13

What are the strategies while building lewis structures

Answer 13

place elements with greatest # of bonding e- in the centre
other atoms surround for symmetry
connect bonding e- to form covalent bond
check inventory

Question 14

exceptions to octet rule

Answer 14

Be and B

Question 15

what is the exception for Be?

Answer 15

it has a stable quartet: 2 single bonds

Question 16

what is the exception for B?

Answer 16

stable hextet: 3 single bonds

Question 17

ELECTRONEGATIVITIY (EN)

Answer 17

relative ability of a bonded atom to share a pair of e-
no units

Question 18

what does a low EN mean

Answer 18

low ability to share e-

Question 19

what does a high EN mean

Answer 19

high ability to share

Question 20

NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND

Answer 20

both atoms share the pair of e- equally
different in EN=0.0

Question 21

POLAR COVALENT BOND

Answer 21

one atom has higher EN than the other, but still sharing
As the EN inc. = attraction to e- inc.
difference in EN=.1-1.7

Question 22

IONIC BOND

Answer 22

atom has a larger EN relative to the other
VIRTUALLY no sharing
difference in EN=>1.7

Question 23

how do you represent a polar covalent bond

Answer 23

bond dipole

Question 24

BOND DIPOLE

Answer 24

arrown points to more EN atom in the bond
runs parallel to the bond (vector arrows)

Question 25

MOLECULAR DIPOLE
(resultant dipole)

Answer 25

the sum of the bond dipoles in 3D
—————->
s+ s-

Question 26

POLAR MOLECULES

Answer 26

have a molecular dipole
look for asymmetry, lone pairs on central atom

Question 27

NON-POLAR

Answer 27

symmetrical
no molecular dipole
all surrounding atoms identical

Question 28

what do you do for multiple central atoms for molecular dipole?

Answer 28

look for symmetry
look for the most EN element
look for lone pairs

Question 29

VSEPR

Answer 29

Valence
Shell
Electron
Pairs
Repulsion theory

Question 30

DASHES

Answer 30

behind the plane

Question 31

stick

Answer 31

bond on the plane

Question 32

wedge

Answer 32

above the plane

Question 33

LINEAR

Answer 33

2 bond sites and 0 lone pairs
2D
180 degrees

Question 34

TRIGONAL PLANAR

Answer 34

3 bond sites, 0 lone pairs
double bond repels single more
2D
either <120 or >120

Question 35

TETRAHEDRAL

Answer 35

4 bond sites, 0 lone pairs
3D
109.5 degrees

Question 36

TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL

Answer 36

3 bond sites, 1 lone pairs
3D
107.3 degrees

Question 37

BENT

Answer 37

2 bond sites, 2 lone pairs
lone pairs better at repelling bonds
104.5 degrees

Question 38

LINUS PAULING

Answer 38

lone pairs and bonding pairs of electrons will repel each other in 3D. This leads to predictable molecular shapes