Diuretics

Question 1

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)

Answer 1

block the reabsorption of NaCl and NaHCO3 in the proximal tubule.
weak diuretic agents typically used to treat glaucoma and acute mountain sickness.

Question 2

Mannitol

Answer 2

osmotic diuretic that acts by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption in the proximal tubule and descending limb of the loop of Henle.

descending limb of Henle’s loop is very permeable to water, allowing water to diffuse into the interstitium to produce a more concentrated tubular fluid

its use causes initial intravascular volume expansion that can worsen pulmonary edema.

Question 3

Thiazide diuretics

Answer 3

inhibiting NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.

Compared to the loop of Henle, this segment reabsorbs only a small proportion of the filtered NaCl load, leading to a smaller natriuretic effect than what is seen with loop diuretics.

Question 4

sodium channel blockers (amiloride, triamterene) and aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone).

Answer 4

weak diuretics that are not effective for diuresis in patients with acute decompensated heart failure