Diuretics

Question 1

Mannitol: class?

Answer 1

osmotic diuretic

Question 2

Mannitol: action?

Answer 2

mostly loop of Henle
freely filtered into glomerulus from blood nonreabsorbable.
hyperosmolality draws water from intracellular fluid to extracellular fluid.
impairs passive water reabsorption.

Question 3

Mannitol: uses?

Answer 3

cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure

Question 4

Mannitol: adverse effects?

Answer 4

can worsen cardiac heart failure, diarrhea if given PO

Question 5

Furosemide (Lasix): class?

Answer 5

Loop Diuretic

Question 6

Furosemide (Lasix): action?

Answer 6

Thick ascending loop of Henle.
inhibits Na/K/2Cl symporter. Increased distal delivery of Na leads to Na/K exchange and increases excretion of K. Also, inhibiting reabsorption of NaCl stops passive absorption of Ca, which leads to increased Ca excretion. (CALCIURETIC)

Question 7

Furosemide (Lasix): uses?

Answer 7

pulmonary edema due to cardiac heart failure

Question 8

Furosemide (Lasix): adverse effects?

Answer 8

hypokalemia, extreme care with nephrotoxic drugs

Question 9

Hydrochlorothiazide: class?

Answer 9

Thiazide

Question 10

Hydrochlorothiazide: action?

Answer 10

distal convoluted tubule. Na/Cl symport inhibitor. anti-calciuretic.

Question 11

Hydrochlorothiazide: uses?

Answer 11

in combination with loop diuretic to treat refractory heart failure, can be used long-term for prevention of Ca2+ uroliths

Question 12

Hydrochlorothiazide: adverse effects?

Answer 12

hypokalemia (rarely causes clinical symptoms), hypomagnesemia

Question 13

Spironolactone: Class?

Answer 13

Aldosterone Antagonist

Question 14

Spironolactone: action?

Answer 14

Distal tubule and collecting duct, only diuretic that effects are NOT LUMINAL. inhibits aldosterone.

Question 15

Spironolactone: Uses?

Answer 15

primary hyperaldosteronism or cirrhosis

Question 16

Spironolactone: adverse effects?

Answer 16

hyperkalemia and skin changes

Question 17

Acetazolamide: class?

Answer 17

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 18

Acetazolamide: action?

Answer 18

proximal tubule. inhibits carbonic anhydrase.

Question 19

Acetazolamide: uses?

Answer 19

primarily for glaucoma. weak diuretic.

Question 20

Acetazolamide: adverse effects?

Answer 20

potential metabolic acidosis

Question 21

Triamterene: class?

Answer 21

distal diuretic

Question 22

Triamterene: action?

Answer 22

works on distal tubule and collecting duct. inhibits electrogenic sodium absorption.

Question 23

Triamterene: uses?

Answer 23

in combination with proximal diuretics

Question 24

Triamterene: adverse effects?

Answer 24

potential nephrotoxin