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Pharmacology Exam 3 > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating Agents

A

cell cycle NON-specific
cross-link DNA (prevent replication)
inhibit protein synthesis
different groups same mechanism of action: (cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, melphalan, lomustine)
class cross-resistance except Lomustine
other drugs: procarbazine, cisplatin, carboplatin

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2
Q

Cyclophosphamide: class/MOA

A

alkylating agent: cross-link DNA (prevent replication),
inhibit protein synthesis.
hepatic activation, renal excretion

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3
Q

Cyclophosphamide: uses

A

lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, soft-tissue sarcomas

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4
Q

Cyclophosphamide: adverse effects/toxicity

A

bladder toxicity. (SIADHS) Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (hyponatremia)

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5
Q

Chlorambucil: class/MOA

A

alkylating agent: cross-link DNA (prevent replication), inhibit protein synthesis.
renal excretion

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6
Q

Chlorambucil: uses

A

substitute for Cytoxan
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
feline GI (small cell) lymphoma

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7
Q

Chlorambucil: adverse effects/toxicity

A

mild myelosuppression, GI

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8
Q

Melphalan: class/MOA

A

alkylating agent: cross-link DNA (prevent replication), inhibit protein synthesis.

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9
Q

Melphalan: uses

A

multiple myeloma, lymphoma rescue

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10
Q

Melphalan: adverse effects/toxicity

A

myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia), GI

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11
Q

Lomustine: class/MOA

A

alkylating agent. cross-link DNA (prevent replication), inhibit protein synthesis.

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12
Q

Lomustine: uses

A

part of LOPP protocol for lymphoma. highly lipid soluble and low molecular weight, crosses BBB

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13
Q

Lomustine: adverse effects/toxicity

A

myelosuppressive and possibly (irreversibly) hepatic toxic

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14
Q

Procarbazine (Matulane): class/MOA

A

alkylating agent. cross-like DNA (prevent replication), inhibit protein synthesis.

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15
Q

Procarbazine (Matulane): uses

A

LOPP/MOPP rescue protocol for lymphoma

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16
Q

Cisplatin: class/MOA

A

alkylating agent. highly protein bound.

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17
Q

Cisplatin: uses

A

osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma. can be used intralesional. aka: Platinol

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18
Q

Cisplatin: adverse effects/toxicity

A

nephrotoxic, nausea, fatal pulmonary edema in cats

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19
Q

Carboplatin (aka paraplatin): class

A

alkylating agent.

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20
Q

Carboplatin (aka paraplatin): adverse effects/toxicity

A

myelosuppression (monitor platelets). safe for cats! fewer GI side effects!

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21
Q

Antimetabolites

A

cell cycle phase SPECIFIC (S-phase)
purine and/or pyrimidine analogues
inserted into DNA–>nonfunctional
drugs: methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil

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22
Q

Methotrexate: class/MOA

A

antimetabolite. dihydrofolate reductase antagonist. (product of reduction required for purine precursors)

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23
Q

Methotrexate: uses

A

Lymphoma, CNS tumors, osteosarcoma

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24
Q

Methotrexate: toxicity

A

GI and myelosuppression. reversible with leucovorin (Wellcovorin-reduced folate)

25
Q

Cytosine Arabinoside: class/MOA

A

antimetabolite. pyrimidine analogue, disrupts DNA, S phase arrest

26
Q

Cytosine Arabinoside: uses

A

renal lymphoma, lymphoma rescue, CNS tumors

27
Q

Antibiotics

A

cell cycle phase NONspecific. Drugs: Doxorubicin, Actinomycin D, Mitoxantrone. Anthracyclines: derived from Streptomyces, mechanisms are free radical damage and inhibition of topoisomerase II

28
Q

Doxorubicin: class/MOA

A

Antibiotic. inhibit topoisomerase II, cell cycle nonspecific.

29
Q

Doxorubicin: Adverse effects/toxicity

A

anaphylaxis, vesicant (causes blistering), cardiotoxicity. May turn urine orange/red

30
Q

Doxorubicin: uses

A

lymphoma, osteosaroma, hemangiosarcoma

31
Q

Mitoxantrone: Class/MOA

A

antibiotic. inhibit topoisomerase II, cell cycle phase nonspecific.

32
Q

Mitoxantrone: uses

A

LSA rescue, transitional cell carcinoma, thymomas

33
Q

Mitoxantrone: adverse effects/toxicity

A

myelosuppression, GI, may turn urine blue/green

34
Q

Actinomycin D: class/MOA

A

antibiotic. inhibit topoisomerase II, cell cycle phase nonspecific.

35
Q

Actinomycin D: uses

A

lymphoma rescue, (non-cardiotoxic substitute for Doxorubicin)

36
Q

Actinomycin D: adverse effects/toxcicity

A

myelosuppression, GI

37
Q

Plant Alkaloids

A

Bind to microtubules of the mitotic spindle. cell cycle phase SPECIFIC (M phase). Drugs that prevent assembly: Vincristine, Vinblastine

38
Q

Vincristine: class/MOA

A

Plant alkaloid. prevents mitotic spindle assembly, M phase arrest

39
Q

Vincristine: uses

A

lymphoma (combo protocols), transmissible venereal tumor, thrombocytopenia

40
Q

Vincristine: adverse effects/toxcitiy

A

vesicant, myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy

41
Q

Vinblastine: class/MOA

A

plant alkaloid. prevent mitotic spindle assembly, M phase arrest.

42
Q

Vinblastine: uses

A

mast cell tumor, substitute for vincristine if neuropathy suspected

43
Q

Vinblastine: adverse effects/toxicity

A

vesicant, myelosuppression (more than vincristine)

44
Q

Prednisone: class/MOA

A

hormone. immunosuppressant steroid, inhibits DNA synthesis. Lympholytic.

45
Q

Prednisone: uses

A

Lymphoma, mast cell tumor, insulinoma, intracranial neoplasia. DON’T USE WITH NSAIDS.

46
Q

Prednisone: adverse effects/toxicity

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, panting, GI ulceration

47
Q

L-asparaginase: class/MOA

A

enzyme. cell cycle phase NONspecific. (maximum activity in G1 phase). Degrades asparagine.

48
Q

L-asparaginase: uses

A

lymphoma

49
Q

L-asparaginase: adverse effects/toxicity

A

anaphylaxis, panreatitis. alone not myelosuppressive, but potential vincristine-induced myelosuppression

50
Q

Toceranib: class/MOA

A

Targeted therapy, targets RT-Kinases (KIT)

51
Q

Toceranib: uses

A

mast cell tumor

52
Q

Toceranib: adverse effects/toxicity

A

effects on bone marrow, GIT, skin and renal

53
Q

Masitinib: class/MOA

A

Targeted therapy, targets RT-Kinases (PDGF)

54
Q

Masitinib: uses

A

mast cell tumor

55
Q

Masitinib: adverse effects/toxicity

A

effects on bone marrow, GIT, skin, renal

56
Q

Rabacfosadine (Tanovea CA-1): class/MOA

A

Targeted therapy. Inhibits DNA polymerases responsible for replication.

57
Q

Rabacfosadine (Tanovea-CA-1): uses

A

First FDA conditionally approved treatment for canine Lymphoma.

58
Q

Rabacfosadine (Tanovea-CA-1): adverse effects/toxicity

A

decreased white blood cell count, diarrhea, vomiting, decreased appetite, weight loss, skin problems, serious and sometimes fatal respiratory complications. (pulmonary fibrosis) (DON’T use in West Highland White Terriers, caution in other terriers)

Pharmacology Exam 3 (9 decks)

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