diuretics Flashcards
what is the concept for diuretic
- increase urine output, decrease blood volume
2. sodium not reabsorb, water so not reabsorbed
type of diuretics
- high efficacy-loop diuretic
- intermediate efficacy-thiazides
- low efficacy-potassium sparing
- furosemide
- bumetanide
- torsemide
- ethacrynic acid
high efficacy loop diuretics
chlorothiazide
chlorthalidone
hydrochlorothiazide
indapamide
thiazide-intermediate drug
potassium sparing
- spironolactone
- amiloride
- triamterene
acetazolamide
dorsolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
mannitol
urea
osmotic diuretic
chlorthalidone-thiazide
long duration ction
indapamide-thiazide
treatment of hypertension + renal failure
what are the characteristic of thiazide drug?
- all have similar efficacies but different potencies
- hyperosmolar urine-substitute to ADH receptor
- treatment of diabetic insipidus
what are the MOA of thiazide drug
- need to go to lumen to do it action
- act at distal convoluted tubule
- inhibit sodium and chlorine co trasport-increase sodium and calcium in urine
- reduce calcium in vascular-cause vasodilation
- mild moderate ht
- mild moerate heart failure
- nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
- idiopathic hypercalciuria
thiazide
adverse effect of thiazide
1. hypokalemia 2 hypomagnesemia 3 hyperglycemia 4 hyperuricemia 5 postural hypertension 6 hyperlipidemia 7 hypersensitivity
drug interaction of thiazide
nsaid
anticoagulant
insulin
potassium sparing diuretic
- use with thiazide to compensate potassium loss
- classified base on moa
what is spironolactone
❌synthetic steroid
❌antgonize aldosterone-activate na/k atpase cause retention of sodium and potassium
❌prostaglandin play its role
indication of potassium sparing
- edema due to cirrhosis
- secondary hyeraldosteronism
- heart failure
side effect of potassium sparing
hyperkalemia
gynecomastia
nausea gastric upset
DI for amiloride triamterene
ACEI
indomethacin
moa of triamterene n amiloride
inhibit na uptake
acetazolamide
use topically
dorsolamide
topically
