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My own Pharma > Diuretics - 1st line Anti-hypertensive > Flashcards

Diuretics - 1st line Anti-hypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

Which diuretics are 1st like anti-hypertensive?

A

Thiazides

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2
Q

Where do we use Loop D. in HTN?

A

Severe HTN + CHF + renal dysfunction (edema)

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3
Q

DOC resistant HTN

A

Spironolactone

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4
Q

Which vasodilators decrease preload?

A

Veno-dilators - Nitrates

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5
Q

Which vasodilators decrease after load?

A

CCB
KCO
Hydralazine

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6
Q

Which vasodilators decrease pre and after load?

A

Mixed ones - STRONGEST
Diuretics
ACEi
ARBs
PDEi (Amrinone, Milrinone)
alfa-1 blockers
3rd gen beta blockers
fenoldapam

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7
Q

MOA of Sodium Nitroprusside?

A

Increase NO - Guanyl cyclase - Cyclic GMP => Vasodilation (Mixed)
VERY STRONG, SHORTER, FASTER

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8
Q

Use of SNP?

A

HTN EMERGENCY - IV, SHORT STRONG AND FAST

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9
Q

Which anti-hypertensive drug is photosensitive?

A

SNP
comes in black/brown bottles
Oxidizes in presence of light

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10
Q

Risk of SNP?

A

Sudden hypo-TN
Reflex tachycardia
Cyanide toxicity

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11
Q

Which drug used for HTN emergency causes cyanide toxicity?

A

SNP

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12
Q

MOA Hydralazine?

A

PDE inhibitor
KC opener

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13
Q

Use of Hydralazine?

A

HTN (safe in pregnancy)
CHF

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14
Q

Which anti-hypertensive drug has risk of SLE?

A

Hydralazine

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15
Q

Name KC Openers

A

Minoxidil
Diazoxide
Nicorandil

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16
Q

Which KCO is a prodrug?

A

Minoxidil
active form minoxidil sulfate

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17
Q

Which KCO drug is used in insulinoma?

A

Diazoxide

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18
Q

Which KCO drug causes hirsutism?

A

Minoxidil sulfate - Toni needs it topically

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19
Q

Which KCO drug is used in angina?

A

Nicorandil

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20
Q

Which type of Ca channel is present in blood vessels?

A

L-type - causes VD
(T-type in epilepsy)

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21
Q

MOA CCBs

A

Vasodilation + Inhibit heart conduction system = decrease HR

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22
Q

Which CCBs are used in SVT?

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem

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23
Q

CCBs which are safe in pregnancy?

A

Dihydropyridines - Nifedipine

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24
Q

CCBs which are safe in asthma?

A

Verapamil and Diltiazem

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25
Q

Which CCB has risk of tachycardia?

A

Nifedipine - short - sudden/fast acting causes reflex tachycardia

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26
Q

Which CCB is C/I in arrythmia and Angia pts?

A

Nifedipine - shorter action, risk of increased HR

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27
Q

Uses of CCBs?

A

HTN - 1st line
Prinz metal/Vasospastic angina
Peripheral vascular disease
Tocolytic - Best

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28
Q

DOC PVD and Prin metal angina?

A

CCBs - Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine

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29
Q

CCBs are safe in?

A

PVD
Asthma
Pregnancy
DM
Dyslipidemia

30
Q

Longer acting routine use DHPs?

A

Amlodipine
Cilnidipine

31
Q

Which DHP has high lipid solubility?

A

Nimodipine (finding nimo in brain)
Used for decreasing neurological complications in pts with Stroke

32
Q

DHPs DOC for EMERGENCY HTN?

A

Nicardipine
(and Clevidipine)

33
Q

MC S/E of DHPs?

A

Ankle edema
Constipation
Urinary retention
Headache

34
Q

MC S/E of Amlodipine?

A

Ankle edema

35
Q

MC S/E of Verapamil?

A

Constipation

36
Q

MOA of Metyrosine?

A

Decrease synthesis of catecholamines

37
Q

Which Adrenergic neuron blocker has risk of suicidal tendency in HTN?

A

Reserpine - decreases storage of catecholamines

38
Q

Which Adrenergic neuron blocker decrease release of catecholamines used in HTN?

A

Guanethidine
Bretylium

39
Q

Name central sympatholytic drugs? (Central alfa-2 agonists)

A

Clonidine
Methyldopa

40
Q

DOC HTN urgency?

A

Clonidine
S/E Rebound HTN

41
Q

Which anti-HTN drug increases nor-adr receptor sensitivity?

A

Clonidine
Stop drug slowly

42
Q

Which anti HTN medication safe in pregnancy causes positive combs test?

A

Methyldopa (also causes hemolytic anemia)

43
Q

Which anti-HTN drug increases sleep and decreases stress?

A

Clonidine - Cental alfa-2 agonist

44
Q

Which alfa agonist act like sympatholytics?

A

Central alfa-2 agonist

45
Q

DOC rebound HTN due to Clonidine withdrawl?

A

Phentolamine (non-selective alfa blocker)

46
Q

Which are best anti-HTN in IHD/angina/MI pts?

A

beta-blockers

47
Q

Name Clonidine congeners

A

Lofexidine - opioid withdrawal
Dexmedetomidine - Sedative
Tizanidine - Muscle relaxant

48
Q

Best anti-HTN for diabetics and dyslipidemia pts?

A

ARBs and ACEi

49
Q

Best anti-HTN for MI/angina pts?

A

beta-blockers

50
Q

Best anti-HTN for asthma pts?

51
Q

Best anti-HTN for CHF pts?

A

ARBs and ACEi

52
Q

Best anti-HTN for pregnancy?

53
Q

Anti HTN CI in pregnany?

A

Diuretics
ACEi
AT1-antagonist
Non-selective beta blockers
SNP (avoided)

54
Q

DOC chronic HF?

55
Q

Best antihypertesive in asthma patients?

56
Q

Best antihypertesive in diabetics and dyslipidemia?

A

ARBs & ACEi

57
Q

Best antihypertesive in angina CHF pts?

A

Beta-blockers

58
Q

Best dipin for emergency HTN?

A

Nicardipine

59
Q

Best dipine for neurologic patient?

A

Nimodipin -finding Nemo in brain

60
Q

MC S/E of beta blockers?

A

Bronchoconstriction

61
Q

MC S/E of Verapamil?

A

Constipation

62
Q

Which beta blocker is cardio selective?

A

Metoprolol

63
Q

DOC congenital lung QT syndrome?

A

Propranolol beta blockers

64
Q

DOC torsades de pointes and QT prolongation?

65
Q

Digitalis drug use?

A

SVT in CHF

67
Q

DOC terminating acute SVT attacks?

A

Adenosine - given 50ml NS bolus right after adenosine injection

68
Q

SVT + Asthma DOC?

A

Verapamil
(Adenosine causes bronchoconstriction)

69
Q

DOC Atrial flutter

A

Beta blockers

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