Dissolved Substances Flashcards
How can dissolved substances move in and out of cells ?
Through Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport
How does water move across boundaries (Cell Membrane) ?
Through Osmosis
What is Osmosis ?
This is the movement of water from a area of high concentration to a area of low concentration through a partially permeable.
What do differences in concentrations of solutions cause water to do?
This causes water to move in and out of the cells
What are tissue fluids filled with ?
Water with oxygen and glucose dissolved in it
Where is the tissue fluids found ?
They are found surrounding body cells
If a cell is short of water, what would happen to the solution.
The solution inside the cell would become more concentrated, encouraging the water to diffuse into the cell
How does the tissue fluid become filled with substances
The substances are squeezed out of the blood capillaries to supply cells.
What do most sport drinks contain ?
Water, with sugar and ions dissolved in it
Why do sport drinks contain sugars, water and ions ?
This is to replace the sugar used in energy release. the water and ions are needed to replace the ions and water lost through sweating.
What happens when ions and water are not replaced ?
The ion and water balance of the body is disturbed and the cells do not work efficiently
What is it when substances are absorbed against the concentration gradient ?
Active Transport
What does Active Transport require ?
This requires energy from respiration in the mitochondria
What is Active Transport
This is the movement of particles against the concentration gradient.
What does active transport enable cells to do?
They enable cells to absorb ions from dilute solutions
How is a exchange surface made more efficient
- Large surface area
- Being thin short path to diffuse across
- Having a efficient blood supply through it
- being ventilated (for gaseous exchange in animals )
Gas and Solute exchange are adapted to what in humans and other organisms
They are adapted to maximise effectiveness.
What does the size and complexity of an organism increase, in terms of difficulty ?
This increase the difficulty of exchanging materials
How is the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the lungs increased?
The surface area of the lungs are increased by the alveoli
How is the efficiency of gaseous exchange in the small intestine increased?
The surface area of the small intestine is increased by the villi.
What does the villi do ?
This increases the extensive network of capillaries to absorb the products of digestion by active transport and diffusion.
