Dissection

Question 1

What blood vessels supply the mammary glands?

Answer 1

Cranial 2 pairs - superficial cranial epigastric

Caudal 3 pairs - superficial caudal epigastrtric

Question 2

What is the superficial cranial epigastric artery a branch of?

Answer 2

Internal thoracic artery

Question 3

What is the superficial caudal epigastric what is a branch of?

Answer 3

External pudendal artery

Question 4

What 4 blood vessels supply the abdominal wall?

Answer 4

Cranial epigastric (cranioventral)
Cranial abdominal (craniodorsal)
Caudal epigastric (caudoventral)
Deep circumflex iliac (caudodorsal)

Question 5

Where do the mammary glands drain into?

Answer 5

Cranial 3 pairs- axillary LN

Caudal 2 pairs - inguinal LN

Question 6

What direction do the EAO fibres run? What about the IAO?

Answer 6

EAO - caudoventral

IAO - cranioventral

Question 7

A slip of the IAO muscle runs through the inguinal canal to form which muscle?

Answer 7

Cremaster

Question 8

Where do all the abdominal muscles insert on to form an aponeurosis?

Answer 8

Linea alba

Question 9

What is the name of the large inguinal nerve that is L3? (Seen between ab all muscles)

Answer 9

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 10

What is an aponeurosis?

Answer 10

Fibrous tendon of a flat muscle

Question 11

What passes through the inguinal canal in the male? (3 things)

Answer 11

Spermatic cord
Cremaster
External pedundal VAN

Question 12

What passes through the inguinal canal in the female?

Answer 12

Round ligament of uterus
Genitofemoral nerve
External pudendal VAN

Question 13

What is the faliciform ligament? What is it a remnant of?

Answer 13

Large, fat fold of peritoneum

Ventral mesentery

Question 14

What does the falciform ligament attach?

Answer 14

Attaches liver to ventral wall at umbilicus

Question 15

What ligament is found within the falciform ligament?

Answer 15

Round ligament of liver

Question 16

What is the round ligament of the liver a remnant of?

Answer 16

Umbilical vein

Question 17

The greater and lesser omentums are connecting peritoneum. What do they attach and to where?

Answer 17

Greater - from greater curvature of stomach to body wall

Lesser - from lesser curvature of stomach to liver

Question 18

What is the omental bursa?

Answer 18

Potential space - between 2 folds of greater omentum (folds back on itself)

Question 19

What is the only opening into the omental bursa?

Answer 19

Epiploic foramen

Question 20

What does the gastrosplenic ligament attach?

Answer 20

Greater curvature of stomach to spleen

Lots of fat in it

Question 21

What are the 5 ligaments of the liver?

Answer 21

L and R triangular (to diaphragm)
Coronary (to diaphragm)
Falciform ligament (to ventral ab wall)
Round ligament (in falciform ligament)
Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 22

What are the bounds of the epiploic foramen?

Answer 22

Caudal VC
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Liver

Question 23

What attaches the duodenum to the body wall?

Answer 23

Mesoduodenum

Question 24

What are the portions of the duodenum (from start to end?)

Answer 24

Sigmoid flexure
Cranial flexure
Descending duodenum
Caudal flexure
Ascending duodenum

Question 25

What connects the colon to the duodenum?

Answer 25

Duodenocolic fold

Question 26

Where are the lobes and body of the pancreas found?

Answer 26

Right lobe - within mesoduodenum Left lobe - within deep leaf of greater omentum Body - at pylorus

Question 27

What are the lobes of the liver?

Answer 27

Left medial and lateral Right medial and lateral Caudate Quadrate

Question 28

The gall bladder is found between which lobes of the liver?

Answer 28

Right medial | Quadrate

Question 29

What duct leaves the gall bladder? What does this form?

Answer 29

``` Cystic duct (+hepatic duct enters here) Bile duct ```

Question 30

Where does the bile duct enter and how?

Answer 30

Duodenum | Major duodenal papillae (accessory duct enters via accessory pancreatic duct)

Question 31

What is the name of the portion of the bile duct that runs in the duodenal wall?

Answer 31

Intramural bile duct

Question 32

The hepatic portal vein is formed from veins draining which organs?

Answer 32

GI tract Spleen Pancreas

Question 33

Where does the hepatic vein drain into?

Answer 33

Liver | Then into caudal VC

Question 34

What attaches the jejunum to the body wall?

Answer 34

Mesojejunum | Wide = very mobile, easily exteriorised

Question 35

What is within the mesojejunum?

Answer 35

Many lymph nodes

Question 36

Grossly - the ileum looks like the jejunum. How can you distinguish the ileum?

Answer 36

Only part of intestine with anti-mesenteric blood vessels (short - 15cm) Run opposite to normal mesenteric blood vessels, on top of the ileum

Question 37

How does the tail end of the caecum attach to the ileum? Does the caecum communicate with the ileum?

Answer 37

Ileocaecal fold | No - only communicates with colon

Question 38

What shape is the colon in the dog?

Answer 38

Question mark (if looking at ventrodorsal view)

Question 39

What are the parts to colon?

Answer 39

``` Ascending colon Right colic flexure Transverse colon Left colic flexure Descending colon ```

Question 40

What are the 3 ligaments of the bladder?

Answer 40

Left Right Median

Question 41

The left and right ligaments of the bladder convey which ligament? What is this a remnant of?

Answer 41

Round ligament of bladder | Umbilical arteries

Question 42

What does the median fold support in a foetus? Does it contain anything in the adult?

Answer 42

Urachus | No - empty

Question 43

What 3 veins return blood via the hepatic portal vein? (German shepherds are cool)

Answer 43

Gastroduodenal ven Splenic vein Cranial mesenteric vein

Question 44

What are the holes in the diaphragm? What passes through these (3,2,1)

Answer 44

Aortic - aorta, azygous vein, thoracic duct Oesophageal hiatus - oesophagus and vagus nerve Caval foramen - caudal vena cava

Question 45

What attaches the diaphragm to the vertebrae?

Answer 45

Left and right crura

Question 46

What are the 3 branches of splanchnic nerves and what ganglia do they go into?

Answer 46

Major and minor - go into caelicomesenteric ganglia | Lumbar - go into caudal mesenteric ganglion

Question 47

What 2 nerves come off the caudal mesenteric ganglion?

Answer 47

Hypogastric nerve | Nerve to LI

Question 48

What forms the pelvic plexus?

Answer 48

``` Hypogastric Pelvic nerves (S1-S3) ```