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GI > Comparative anatomy > Flashcards

Comparative anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the relative sizes of stomachs and intestines in carnivores, ruminants and simple herbivores?

A

Carnivore - large stomach, average SI, small LI
Ruminants - huge fore stomach, average true stomach and LI
Simple herbivores - small stomach, average SI, huge LI

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2
Q

In which animals is the omentum most developed?

A

Ruminants

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3
Q

In which species is the omentum least developed?

A

Horses

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4
Q

What are the differences between the omentum in the dog and horse?

A

Horses don’t cover intestinal mass

Horses hae epiploic foramen

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the epiploic foramen in horses?

A

Separates peritoneal cavity from omental bursa

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6
Q

The supraomental recess is only found in which aniamls? What is the supraomental recess?

A

Ruminants

Space between deep leaf of omentum and intestines

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7
Q

Where does the superficial wall of the omentum run from and to? (RUMINANTS ONLY)

A

Rumen on left

Descending duodenum on right

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8
Q

Where does the deep wall of the omentum run from and to? (RUMINANTS ONLY)

A

Rumen on right

Descending duodenum on right

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9
Q

What angle is the liver (in situ) in a dog, pig, horse and ruminant?

A

Dog - straight
Pig - straight
Horse - oblique (slanted)
Ruminant - 90 degree

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10
Q

Where does the rounded border of the liver face in dogs/pigs, horses and ruminants?

A

Dogs/pigs - dorsally
Horses - dorsal and left
Ruminant - left

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11
Q

In the horse and ruminants, which lobe of the liver (right or left) is more dorsal?

A

Right - more dorsal

Left - more ventral

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12
Q

Which way is the liver displaced in ruminants and why?

A

Displaced to the right

Rumen on the left

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13
Q

Which process of the liver has the right renal impression? What is this?

A

Caudate process

Where kidney contacts liver

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14
Q

Which species does not have a renal impression?

A

Pig - kidney not in contact with liver

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15
Q

What is different about the liver of a horse?

A

No papillary process

No gall bladder

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16
Q

In which animals is the left and right lobes of the liber divided into lateral and medial?

A

Pig
Cat
Dog

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17
Q

The spleen is closely in contact with which part of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature

18
Q

What is the shape of the spleen in the horse, ox, sheep, pig and dog?

A 
Horse - comma shaped
Ox - tongue shaped
Sheep - oval 
Pig - elongated
Dog - hockey stick
19
Q

In which species is the pancreas surrounded by a portal vein? What is this vein called?

A

Horse and pig

Annulus pancreatis

20
Q

Which species have both and pancreatic and accessory duct?

21
Q

Which species has a pancreatic duct, but no accessory duct?

22
Q

Which species has an accessory duct, but no pancreatic duct?

23
Q

What is the torus pyloricus? Which species is it present in?

A

Fleshy protuberance of stomach

In pig and ruminants

24
Q

The pig has a gastric diverticulum. What is this?

A

Protruding pouch from gastric wall

25
Q

Which species has a large cardiac gland region and lots of lymphatic tissue in gastric mucosa?

26
Q

What shape is the stomach of the horse?

27
Q

The horse has the saccus caecum and margo plicatus. What are these?

A

Saccus caecum - enlargement of fundus

Margo plicatus - junction between glandular and non-glandular stomach

28
Q

Which sphincters are well developed in the horse stomach?

A

Pyloric

Cardiac

29
Q

What is the fermentation chamber in ruminants? Which side of the body is it on?

A

Ruminoreticulum

Left

30
Q

Which is the true stomach in ruminants?

31
Q

What does the omasum have to increase absorption?

A

Omasal lamina

increase surface area

32
Q

The SI is similar in all species. In which species is the ileum different and why?

A

Horse

Ileum thickened - acts like a valve

33
Q

Describe the anatomy of the duodenum

A 
Cranial/sigmoid flexure
Descending duodenum 
Caudalflexure
Ascending duodenum 
Duodenal fleuzre
34
Q

In the pig, why is the SI pushed to the right?

A

Large intestine pushes to right

35
Q

Is the caecum on the left or right? Which species is the exception

A

Right in most animals

Pig - on left

36
Q

The descending colon is also known as what in horses?

A

Small colon

37
Q

The large intestine is sacculated and has taenial bands in horses. What is the function of saccule and taneial bands?

A

Aid mixing and propulsion

38
Q

How many taenial bands are in the LI of the horse? Where are they?

A

20
4 in caecum, right ventral colon and left ventral colon
1 in left dorsal colon
3 in right dorsal colon
2 in transverse colon and small (descending) colon

39
Q

In the pig, horse and ruminants the colon has taenial bands. What are these?

A

Bands of smooth muscle

40
Q

In the pig and ruminants, the colon has coils with taenial bands. What are the proximal and distal coils containing taenia called?

A

Proximal colon - centripetal coils

Distal colon - centrifugal coils

GI (12 decks)

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