Comparative anatomy Flashcards
Describe the relative sizes of stomachs and intestines in carnivores, ruminants and simple herbivores?
Carnivore - large stomach, average SI, small LI
Ruminants - huge fore stomach, average true stomach and LI
Simple herbivores - small stomach, average SI, huge LI
In which animals is the omentum most developed?
Ruminants
In which species is the omentum least developed?
Horses
What are the differences between the omentum in the dog and horse?
Horses don’t cover intestinal mass
Horses hae epiploic foramen
What is the purpose of the epiploic foramen in horses?
Separates peritoneal cavity from omental bursa
The supraomental recess is only found in which aniamls? What is the supraomental recess?
Ruminants
Space between deep leaf of omentum and intestines
Where does the superficial wall of the omentum run from and to? (RUMINANTS ONLY)
Rumen on left
Descending duodenum on right
Where does the deep wall of the omentum run from and to? (RUMINANTS ONLY)
Rumen on right
Descending duodenum on right
What angle is the liver (in situ) in a dog, pig, horse and ruminant?
Dog - straight
Pig - straight
Horse - oblique (slanted)
Ruminant - 90 degree
Where does the rounded border of the liver face in dogs/pigs, horses and ruminants?
Dogs/pigs - dorsally
Horses - dorsal and left
Ruminant - left
In the horse and ruminants, which lobe of the liver (right or left) is more dorsal?
Right - more dorsal
Left - more ventral
Which way is the liver displaced in ruminants and why?
Displaced to the right
Rumen on the left
Which process of the liver has the right renal impression? What is this?
Caudate process
Where kidney contacts liver
Which species does not have a renal impression?
Pig - kidney not in contact with liver
What is different about the liver of a horse?
No papillary process
No gall bladder
In which animals is the left and right lobes of the liber divided into lateral and medial?
Pig
Cat
Dog
The spleen is closely in contact with which part of the stomach?
Greater curvature
What is the shape of the spleen in the horse, ox, sheep, pig and dog?
Horse - comma shaped Ox - tongue shaped Sheep - oval Pig - elongated Dog - hockey stick
In which species is the pancreas surrounded by a portal vein? What is this vein called?
Horse and pig
Annulus pancreatis
Which species have both and pancreatic and accessory duct?
Horse
Dog
Which species has a pancreatic duct, but no accessory duct?
Sheep
Which species has an accessory duct, but no pancreatic duct?
Ox/pig
What is the torus pyloricus? Which species is it present in?
Fleshy protuberance of stomach
In pig and ruminants
The pig has a gastric diverticulum. What is this?
Protruding pouch from gastric wall
Which species has a large cardiac gland region and lots of lymphatic tissue in gastric mucosa?
Pig
What shape is the stomach of the horse?
J
The horse has the saccus caecum and margo plicatus. What are these?
Saccus caecum - enlargement of fundus
Margo plicatus - junction between glandular and non-glandular stomach
Which sphincters are well developed in the horse stomach?
Pyloric
Cardiac
What is the fermentation chamber in ruminants? Which side of the body is it on?
Ruminoreticulum
Left
Which is the true stomach in ruminants?
Abomasum
What does the omasum have to increase absorption?
Omasal lamina
increase surface area
The SI is similar in all species. In which species is the ileum different and why?
Horse
Ileum thickened - acts like a valve
Describe the anatomy of the duodenum
Cranial/sigmoid flexure Descending duodenum Caudalflexure Ascending duodenum Duodenal fleuzre
In the pig, why is the SI pushed to the right?
Large intestine pushes to right
Is the caecum on the left or right? Which species is the exception
Right in most animals
Pig - on left
The descending colon is also known as what in horses?
Small colon
The large intestine is sacculated and has taenial bands in horses. What is the function of saccule and taneial bands?
Aid mixing and propulsion
How many taenial bands are in the LI of the horse? Where are they?
20
4 in caecum, right ventral colon and left ventral colon
1 in left dorsal colon
3 in right dorsal colon
2 in transverse colon and small (descending) colon
In the pig, horse and ruminants the colon has taenial bands. What are these?
Bands of smooth muscle
In the pig and ruminants, the colon has coils with taenial bands. What are the proximal and distal coils containing taenia called?
Proximal colon - centripetal coils
Distal colon - centrifugal coils