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GI > Canine anatomy > Flashcards

Canine anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall?

A 
Skin 
Subcutaneous fascia
Cutaneous trunki
Deep fascia (ox/horse ONLY)
Lateral muscles - EAO, IAO, TA
Ventral muscle - rectus abdominis
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2
Q

What is the function of the abdominal wall?

A

Enclose abdominal contents

Contract and increase pressure (during V+, weeing/pooing, sneezing etc)

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3
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the abdominal muscles?

A

T13 to L5

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4
Q

Dorsal roots of T13 to L5 innervate the dorsal muscles. The ventral roots have 3 branches, what are these?

A

Medial
Lateral
Lateral cutaneous

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5
Q

Where does the rectus abdomens originate and insert? What separates the left and right rectus abdominis?

A

Originate sternum
Insert on pubis
Linea alba (aponeurosis, pierced by umbilicus)

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6
Q

What direction do the fibres of EAO, IAO and TA run?

A

EAO- cranioventrally
IAO - caudoventrally
TA - transversely

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7
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Potential space between the 2 inguinal rings

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8
Q

What are the inguinal rings and where are they found?

A

Superficial inguinal ring (gap in EAO)

Deep inguinal ring (gap in IAO)

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9
Q

In embryology, what does endoderm form?

A

Epithelium of GI tract

Glands

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10
Q

In embryology, what does mesoderm form?

A

Muscles

Connective tissue

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11
Q

In embryology, what is the blood supply to the foregut and hindgut?

A

Foregut - celiac artery

Hindgut - caudal mesenteric artery

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12
Q

The foregut, midgut and handgut forms which parts of the GI tract?

A

Foregut = pharynx to start of duodenum
Mid gut = duodenum to transverse colon
Hind gut = descending colon and rectum

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13
Q

What does the midgut connect with to form the vitelline duct?

A

Yolk sac

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14
Q

What causes the midgut to be pushed outside of the abdominal cavity during development, forming a physiological hernia?

A

Rapid expansion of liver

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15
Q

What is peritoneum?

A 
Serous membrane lining abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum)
And organs (visceral peritoneum)
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16
Q

What are the 4 types of connecting peritoneum?

A

Mesentery (bowel to body wall)
Ligament (organ to body wall)
Omentum (stomach to something)
Fold (organ to another)

17
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum

18
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach to the body wall? Which intercostal space does it extend into?

A

Last rib

5th intercostal space

19
Q

The diaphragm is perforated in 3 places - what are these and what passes through?

A

Aortic hiatus - aorta
Oesophageal foramen - oesophagus
Caval foramen - caudal VC

20
Q

How many lobes does the liver of a dog have?

A

4 - left, right, caudate and quadrate

21
Q

Which of the lobes of the liver are further divided?

A

Left and right split into medial and lateral

Caudate into papillary and caudate process

22
Q

What are the 4 attachments of the liver?

A

Coronary ligament
Left triangular ligament
Right triangular ligament
Falciform ligament

23
Q

The stomach is on which side of the body? What are the 3 areas?

A

Right
Fundus (blind ending)
Corpus
Pylorus (mucous to prevent acid in duodenum)

24
Q

What are the attachments of the stomach?

A 
Gastro-splenic ligament
Greater omentum (loose)
Lesser omentum (AKA hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament)
25
Q

What is an omentum?

A

Apron like fold

Hangs from stomach to cover jejunum

26
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A

Potential space between greater omentum and lesser omentum (hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament)

27
Q

Which side of the body is the spleen on? What is the function of the spleen?

A

Left

Site of WBC maturation and blood reservoir

28
Q

What is the attachment of the spleen? Why is the spleen enlarged in a cadaver?

A

Gastro-splenic ligament

Barbiturate euthanasia

29
Q

What are the attachments of the duodenum?

A 
Mesoduodenum
Duodeno-colic fold
Lesser Omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)
30
Q

How many lobes does the pancreas have? What are these divided into?

A

2
Left - lateral and medial
Right - cranial and caudal

31
Q

How is the right and left lobes of the pancreas attached?

A

Right - mesoduodenum

Left - deep leaf of greater omentum

32
Q

What is the attachment of the jejunum? What shape is this?

A

Mesojejunum

Fan shaped

33
Q

What is the attachment of the caecum?

A

Ileocaecal fold

34
Q

Describe the parts to the colon

A 
Ascending colon 
Right colic flexure
Transverse colon 
Left colic flexure
Descending colon
35
Q

What is the attachment of the colon? What does it attach to?

A

Mesocolon

Body wall

36
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder? Which animals have no gall bladder?

A

Stores bile produced by liver (which emulsifies fats)

Horses, rats

37
Q

Bile leaves the common bile duct via which openings? where do these go into?

A

Major and minor duodenal papilla

Duodenum

38
Q

What is the lesser omentum also known as?

A

Hepatogastic ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament

GI (12 decks)

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