dispnee Flashcards

1
Q

tipuri de dispnee

A

-de efort
-de repaus
-de decubit
-ORTOPNEEA
-TREPOPNEEA
-PLATIPNEEA

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2
Q

Ortopneea

A

pacientul trb sa stea in sezut pt a respira fara efort sau cu efort minim
-boli cardiace si pulmonare

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3
Q

Trepopneea

A

aparitia dispneei in decubit lateral
in pleurezii masive

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4
Q

Platipneea

A

Dispnee agravata in pozitie sezanda sau in picioare si ameliorata in clinostatism (culcat)
-este rara, in sdr hepato-pulmonar

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5
Q

Este intr-adevar lipsa de aer?

A

-pacientii cu DURERE PLEURITICA se plang frecvent de dispnee
poate coexista cu o boala pulmonara
pac cu fracturi costale care nu pot efectua inspir relateaza frecvent dispnee

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6
Q

Durata dispneei: secunde/minute

A

-insuf ventr stg acuta
-embolie pulmonara
-pneumotorace
-exarcerbare de astm

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7
Q

Durata dispneei: ore/zile/sapt

A

-insuf ventr stg
-pneumonnie
-exarcerbare BPOC
-revarsat pleural
-anemie (acuta)

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8
Q

Durata dispneei: luni/ani

A

-BPOC
-Fibroza pulmonara
-insuf cardiaca cronica
-anemie (cronica)

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9
Q

Evolutia dispneei

A

-zilnica/usor progresiva (BPOC)
-episodica/cu variatie in f de momentul zilei (ASTM)

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10
Q

Dispnee nocturna

A

-dispneea paroxistica nocturna-insuf cardiaca-pac se trezesc brusc din cauza lipsei de aer, dispneea se amelioreaza in pozitie sezanda (se reduce presiunea capilara hidrostatica)
-Astm (slab controlat)- dispneea apare la 2-3 noaptea si este asoc cu TUSE si WHEEZING= obstructie bronsica

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11
Q

Dispneea pozitionala

A

Pac au dispnee la trecerea in decubit dorsla (ORTOPNEE)- insuf cardiaca stg

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12
Q

Evolutie in f de tratament
-diuretice
-ameliorare dupa adm de bronhodilatator
-ameliorare dupa cateva zile de adm a corticoterapiei

A

-diuretice= edem pulmonar
-brondil=astm
-corticoterapie= astm/BPOC

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13
Q

Dispnee la pac fumator + hemoptizie + scadere in greutate

A

posibila etiologie neoplazica

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14
Q

dispnee + wheezing la pac tanar

A

astm

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15
Q

wheezing- def, cauze principale

A

=resp suieratoare, indica bronhospasm
-cauze: astm, BPOC, obstructie fixa (tumora pulmonara cu wheezing localizat)

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16
Q

Dispnee cardiaca- cauze

A
  1. Insuf cardiaca stg (insuf ventr stg/ stenoza mitrala)
  2. boli cardiace congenitale cianogene

dispnee INSPIRATORIE cu POLIPNEE

17
Q

dispnee cardiaca- mecanism

A

-p crescute in patul capilar pulmonar cu TRANSSUDAREA fluidului in spatiul interstitial si alveole
-complianta pulmonara scazuta (rigiditate crescuta)
-efort respirator crescut

18
Q

Clasif functionala a dispneei cardiace cronice (clasa NYHA)

A

grad 1= la efort semnificativ
grad 2= la efort obisnuit
grad 3=la efort mic
grad 4=in repaus (de ob + dispnee de decubit)

19
Q

dispnee cardiaca acuta

A

dispnee paroxistica nocturna
astm cardiac
edem pulmonar acut cardiogen

20
Q

Dispnee pulmonara- prin obstructia cailor resp MARI (laringe, trahee, bronsii)

A

-Bradipnee INSPIRATORIE
(scade frecv resp)
-uneori asoc cu tiraj, cornaj

21
Q

Dispnee pulmonara- prin obstructia cailor resp mici si mijlocii

A

-dispnee EXPIRATORIE
-cu bradipnee sau tahipnee
(scaderea sau cresterea frecv resp)

22
Q

Dispnee pulmonara- prin afectarea parenchimului pulmonar/pleurei/afectiuni extrapulmonare

A

-fibroze pulmonare, pneumopatii interstitiale, neoplasm pulmonar
-pleurezii, pahipleurite
-modif patologice ale cutiei toracice (cifoscolioze importante)

23
Q

Clasif dipneei cronice din BPOC

A

grad 0= dispnee la ef fizice intense
grad 1=dispnee la mers rapid/urcare panta lina
grad 2=mers mai lent decat pers de aceeasi vasta, necesitatea de a opri la urcarea unui etaj in ritm propriu
grad 3=obligat sa se opreasca la mai putin de 100 m de mers in ritm propriu
grad 4= dispnee prea marcata pt a parasi casa sau cand se ef activ curente ca spalatul/ imbracatul

24
Q

Boli care det dispnee acuta

A

-episod acut de astm
-trombembolism pulmonar
-pneumotorax
-pneumonie/bronhopneumonie
-insuf cardiaca stg acuta

25
Q

Dispneea din stari de anxietate cu hiperventilatie

A

-resp cu frecv resp crescuta, care det alcaloza resp si scaderea presiunii partiale a CO2 in sg
-episodica si de ob recurenta

26
Q

indici de boala organica care det dispnee

A

-adaptarea activ pt a evita orice efort nenecesar
-resp cu buze tuguiate
-fol mm accesori resp
-wheezing
-inspir scurt si expir prelungit
-lupta pt a resp

27
Q

Respiratie Kussmaul

A

-resp f ampla
-cu scurte pauze la sf fiecarui timp resp
-caract acidozele metabolice (cetoacidoza diabetica, acidoza din insuf renala, acidoza formica din intox cu alcool metilic)

28
Q

Respiratie Cheyne-Stokes

A

-sau periodica
-cresterea progresiva a amplitudinii resp, urm de scaderi progresive => perioada mai mult sau mai putin lunga de APNEE, dupa cate ciclul se reia
-in somn/ pac nu e atent
-dereglare la niv pontin
-la nou-nascuti si batrani aparent sanatosi, in insuf cardiaca, uremie, dupa unele droguri ( ex morfina)

29
Q

Respiratia Biot

A

-complet nereg ca ritm si amplitudine
-la bonavii agonici