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!Pharmacy Tech year 1 > Dispensing and Supply of Medicines (316) > Flashcards

Dispensing and Supply of Medicines (316) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation a.c. mean on medicines?

A

a.c. means before food.

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2
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation a.m. mean on medicines?

A

a.m. means before noon.

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3
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation a.a. mean on medicines?

A

aa. means of each.

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4
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation ad lib. mean on medicines?

A

ad. lib means as much as desired.

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5
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation alt. mean on medicines?

A

alt. means alternate

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6
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation alt. die. mean on medicines?

A

alt. die. means on alternate days.

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7
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation amp mean on medicines?

A

amp means ampoule.

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8
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation ante mean on medicines?

A

ante means before.

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9
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation applic. mean on medicines?

A

applic. means apply

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10
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation aq. or aqua mean on medicines?

A

aq. or aqua means water.

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11
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation aur. mean on medicines?

A

aur. means ear.

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12
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation aurist. mean on medicines?

A

aurist. means ear drops.

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13
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation b. mean on medicines?

A

b. means twice.

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14
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation b.d. mean on medicines?

A

b.d. means twice daily.

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15
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation b.i.d. mean on medicines?

A

b.i.d. means twice daily.

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16
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation c. mean on medicines?

A

c. means with.

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17
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation calid. mean on medicines?

A

calid. means warm.

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18
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation cap. mean on medicines?

A

cap. means capsule.

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19
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation cib. mean on medicines?

A

cib. means food.

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20
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation co. mean on medicines?

A

co. means compound.

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21
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation collut. mean on medicines?

A

collut. means mouthwash.

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22
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation collyr. mean on medicines?

A

collyr. means eye lotion.

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23
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation conc. mean on medicines?

A

conc. means concentrated.

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24
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation crem. mean on medicines?

A

crem. means cream.

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25
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation d. mean on medicines?

A

d. means daily.

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26
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation dest. mean on medicines?

A

dest. means distilled.

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27
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation dil. mean on medicines?

A

dil. means diluted.

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28
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation div. mean on medicines?

A

div. means divide.

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29
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation dol.urg mean on medicines?

A

dol.urg means when the pain is severe.

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30
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation dolent.part. mean on medicines?

A

dolent.part. means to the affected part.

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31
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation dos. mean on medicines?

A

dos. means dose.

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32
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation ex aq. mean on medicines?

A

ex aq. means in water.

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33
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation ext. mean on medicines?

A

ext. means extract.

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34
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation extemp. mean on medicines?

A

extemp. means extemporaneously dispensed.

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35
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation fort. mean on medicines?

A

fort. means strong.

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36
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation garg. mean on medicines?

A

garg. means gargle.

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37
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation gtt. or guttae or g. mean on medicines?

A

gtt. or guttae or g. means drops.

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38
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation h. mean on medicines?

A

h. means at the hour of.

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39
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation h.s. mean on medicines?

A

h.s. means at bedtime.

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40
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation i.c. mean on medicines?

A

i.c. means between meals.

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41
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation IM mean on medicines?

A

IM means intramuscular.

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42
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation inf mean on medicines?

A

inf means infusion.

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43
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation inj mean on medicines?

A

inj means injection.

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44
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation IV mean on medicines?

A

IV means intravenous.

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45
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation m. or mane mean on medicines?

A

m. or mane means in the morning.

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46
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation m.d. mean on medicines?

A

m.d. means as directed.

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47
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation m.d.u. mean on medicines?

A

m.d.u. means to be used as directed.

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48
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation MDI mean on medicines?

A

MDI means metered dose inhaler.

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49
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation mist. mean on medicines?

A

mist. means mixture.

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50
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation mitt. or mitte mean on medicines?

A

mitt. or mittae means send.

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51
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation n. or nocte mean on medicines?

A

n. or nocte means at night.

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52
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation n.et m. mean on medicines?

A

n.et m. means night and morning.

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53
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation narist. mean on medicines?

A

narist. means nasal drops.

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54
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation n.p. or NP mean on medicines?

A

n.p. or NP means proper name.

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55
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation o.alt. hor. mean on medicines?

A

o.alt hor. means every other hour.

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56
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation o.d. mean on medicines?

A

o.d. means every day.

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57
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation o.m. mean on medicines?

A

o.m. means every morning.

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58
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation o.n. mean on medicines?

A

o.n. means every night.

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59
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation occulent. mean on medicines?

A

occulent. means eye ointment.

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60
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation p.a. mean on medicines?

A

p.a. means to the affected part.

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61
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation OP mean on medicines?

A

OP means original pack.

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62
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation p.aeq. mean on medicines?

A

p.aeq. means equal parts.

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63
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation p.c. mean on medicines?

A

p.c. means after food.

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64
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation p.m. mean on medicines?

A

p.m. means in the afternoon.

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65
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation p.r.n. mean on medicines?

A

p.r.n. means when required.

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66
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation part. dolent. mean on medicines?

A

part. dolent. means to the painful part.

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67
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation past. mean on medicines?

A

past. means paste.

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68
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation PR mean on medicines?

A

PR means per rectum.

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69
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation pulv. mean on medicines?

A

pulv. means powder.

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70
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation PV mean on medicines?

A

PV means per vagina.

71
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q.d. mean on medicines?

A

q.d. means four times daily.

72
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q.d.s. mean on medicines?

A

q.d.s. means to be taken four times daily.

73
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q.i.d. mean on medicines?

A

q.i.d. means four times daily.

74
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q.q.h. mean on medicines?

A

q.q.h. means every fourth hour.

75
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q.s. mean on medicines?

A

q.s. means sufficient.

76
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q12h mean on medicines?

A

q12h means every 12 hours.

77
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q4h mean on medicines?

A

q4h means every 4 hours.

78
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation q6h mean on medicines?

A

q6h means every 6 hours.

79
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation qq. mean on medicines?

A

qq. means every.

80
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation Rx mean on medicines?

A

Rx means take.

81
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation s.o.s. mean on medicines?

A

s.o.s. means if necessary.

82
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation SC mean on medicines?

A

SC means subcutaneous.

83
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation SL mean on medicines?

A

SL means sublingual.

84
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation ss. mean on medicines?

A

ss. means half.

85
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation stat. mean on medicines?

A

stat. means immediately.

86
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation t.d.d. mean on medicines?

A

t.d.d. means three times daily.

87
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation t.d.s. mean on medicines?

A

t.d.s. means to be taken three times daily.

88
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation t.i.d. mean on medicines?

A

t.i.d. means three times daily.

89
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation tinct. mean on medicines?

A

tinct. means tincture.

90
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation trit. or triturate mean on medicines?

A

trit. or triturate means serial dilution or mixing ingredients.

91
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation u.a. mean on medicines?

A

u.a. means as before.

92
Q

What does the Latin abbreviation ung. or unguentum mean on medicines?

A

ung. or unguentum means ointment.

93
Q

What does this symbol mean?

A

One tablet.

94
Q

What are some principles of good dispensing practice?

A
  • make sure prescription is legal
  • make sure prescription is appropriate for the patient - correct form/dose for a child
  • interpret practitioners instructions
  • select correct product + label it - perform in process check
  • add any additional information, initial it. Endorse
  • provide correct patient counseling
95
Q

What does SOP stand for?

A

Standard operating procedure

96
Q

Why are SOPs important?

A

SOPs are there to ensure all individuals are working to the same standard

97
Q

How many legal requirements are there for a standard prescription?

A

There are eight legal requirements for a prescription

98
Q

What are the legal requirements for a prescription?

A
  • date –> prescription is valid for 6 months
  • address of the prescriber
  • patient’s name
  • patient’s address/nfa
  • signature of prescriber
  • indication of qualification
  • written in indelible ink
  • age/DOB if under 12
99
Q

What are the clinical requirements for a prescription?

A
  • drug name
  • quantity
  • strength
  • form
  • directions
  • administration
100
Q

When picking a drug for dispensing, what should you be checking for against the prescription?

A
  • name is correct (of product)
  • formulation (tabs/caps/liq)
  • correct strength
  • quantity
101
Q

What will a pharmacist look for when they prof check a prescription?

A
  • authenticity of the prescription
  • correct product
  • correct formulation
  • correct frequency
102
Q

What should be on the label of a dispensed medicine?

A
  • date created
  • drug name, quantity, strength, form
  • directions
  • cautionary warnings (eg after food)
  • batch no./expiry date (if packed down)
  • storage info
  • patient’s name, hospital/NHS no.
  • address of the pharmacy/hospital
  • keep out of the reach of children
103
Q

How do you endorse a prescription?

A
  • amount of tablets dispensed and the strength
  • your initials
  • the date
104
Q

What are some common pharmacy hygiene procedures?

A
  • wash hands
  • PPE
  • hair off collar
  • bare below the elbow
  • no loose material
  • disinfect worktops/keyboards
  • jewellery/piercings
  • limited makeup
  • nail varnish
105
Q

What are some prescription types you might see in a hospital pharmacy?

A
  • end of life
  • private
  • outpatients
  • TTOs
  • inpatient prescription (cardex/charts)
  • chemo
  • scripts for high cost drugs or prescribed with caution
106
Q

What are some prescription types you might see in a community pharmacy?

A
  • private
  • repeat prescription
  • FP10
  • FP10D
  • FP10PN
  • scripts for high cost drugs or prescribed with caution
  • FPMDA
107
Q

What is a private prescription?

A

A private prescription could be written on a scrap of paper. It is a drug that is not available on the NHS usually due to a cost implication.

108
Q

What does it mean if a drug is blacklisted?

A

If a drug is blacklisted then it is not available on the NHS.

109
Q

What does the FP in FP10 mean?

A

FP means the prescription was created in England.

110
Q

What code is used on Scottish community pharmacy prescriptions?

111
Q

What is the code for prescriptions originating in Wales?

112
Q

What colour is an FP10D?

A

An FP10D is yellow.

113
Q

What colour is an FP10PN?

A

An FP10PN is lilac.

114
Q

What colour is an FP10MDA?

A

An FP10MDA is blue.

115
Q

What is an FP10MDA?

A

An FP10MDA is prescribed due to misuse of drugs. It is specifically for addicts. E.g. methadone prescription.

116
Q

How long is a prescription for CDs valid for?

A

A CD prescription is valid for 28 days.

117
Q

What might be indications that a prescription is a forgery?

A
  • if the prescriber’s signature is unknown (new prescriber?)
  • if the patient has not visited the pharmacy before
  • if the patient is not suffering from a condition for which the prescription has been written
  • unusually large dose
  • Dr before or after the prescriber’s signature
  • incorrect spelling
  • an incorrect dose
  • no GMC no./incorrect
  • change in ink (a possible amendment)
  • missing legal requirements
  • photocopies
  • terminology
  • signature inconsistencies
  • changes in handwriting (possible amendment)
  • patient behaviour
  • not written in indelible ink
118
Q

How many days supply of CDs can be prescribed?

A

30 days of CDs can be prescribed.

119
Q

What is special about a dental CD prescription?

A

A CD prescription from a dentist must state for dental use only.

120
Q

Which part of a CD prescription must be written in words and figures?

A

The supply must be written in words and figures. I.e. how many to be dispensed.

121
Q

What is true of the signature on a CD prescription?

A

The signature on a CD prescription must currently be handwritten.

122
Q

TRUE or FALSE A pharmacist can amend a spelling error on a CD prescription?

A

True! A spelling error can be amended by a pharmacist, but they must put their GPhC number.

123
Q

TRUE or FALSE A pharmacist can also write the supply in figures/words if one or the other is omitted?

A

True! A pharmacist can amend the prescription if they believe it to be genuine and not littered with mistakes. Must also write their GPhC number.

124
Q

What is the role of the responsible pharmacist?

A
  • in control of the dispensary at any given time
  • rota basis of when they are responsible
  • usually be the pharmacist doing clinical checks
  • go-to in the pharmacy
  • have to complete the ‘pharmacy record’ - paper-based out electronic - name/date/time of being responsible pharmacist - there to backtrack errors
  • can only be off-site for 2 hours in a 24 hour period
125
Q

If the responsible pharmacist is out of the pharmacy for more than two hours then what should happen?

A
  • another pharmacist should take over as responsible pharmacist
  • alternatively the pharmacy should be closed
126
Q

What is not allowed to happen whilst the responsible pharmacist is off site?

A
  • no medications should be handed out
  • no pharmacy only medication should be sold
127
Q

What can still happen when the responsible pharmacist is off site?

A
  • can still take in prescriptions
  • can still dispense and sell GSLs
128
Q

What is the purpose of having a pharmacy record?

A

A pharmacy record is an audit trail so we know who the responsible pharmacist was, so who was responsible when an error occured.

129
Q

What should be displayed on the responsible pharmacist (RP) notice?

A
  • who is in charge
  • their registration number
130
Q

Give examples of possible content errors.

A
  • incorrect drug
  • incorrect strength
  • incorrect form
  • doses added (given more)
  • missing doses
  • omission of an item
  • expired medicine
  • wrong release/coated
  • damaged/not stored in fridge
131
Q

Give examples of labelling errors.

A
  • incorrect patient name
  • incorrect drug name
  • incorrect drug strength
  • incorrect quantity
  • incorrect form
  • incorrect directions
  • incorrect warnings
  • incorrect pharmacy address
132
Q

What factors cause dispensing errors?

A
  • lack of in process check
  • forgetfullness
  • short codes/cautionary labels
  • time constraints/stress/pressure
  • lack of knowledge
  • illegible handwriting
  • distractions/multitasking
  • similar medicines or name or packaging
133
Q

What can be done to reduce the number of dispensing errors caused by a lack of in process check?

A

Have different labellers and assemblers.

134
Q

What can be done to reduce the number of dispensing errors caused by a lack of knowledge?

A
  • further training
  • shadowing
  • mentoring
  • CPD - continual professional development
  • training manuals, competencies signed off
135
Q

What can be done to reduce the number of dispensing errors due to illegible handwriting?

A

Check what it says with the prof checker.

136
Q

What can be done to reduce the number of dispensing errors due to similar medicines or name or packaging?

A
  • double check
  • labels on shelves
  • clearly separate them
  • alerts on computers
137
Q

What could be some of the implications of dispensing an expired drug?

A
  • don’t know how the drug will break down
    • increased toxicity
    • reduced efficacy
    • increased side effects
  • decreased pain relief –> hospitilisation/death
  • internal investigation
    • stress on staff members
  • reputation of pharmacy
138
Q

What could be the implications of giving out a higher strength of medication?

A
  • investigation
    • taken off register
    • lawsuit
  • death/serious harm
  • overdose
  • affects stock levels
  • reputation of pharmacy
  • costs (different drug costed out, could be more expensive)
  • knock confidence of staff member
139
Q

What is a ‘near miss’?

A

An incident which did not cause harm at the time but may have had the potential to cause harm. Usually noticed at checking or when issuing to the patient.

140
Q

What is the process of receiving a prescription?

A
  1. confirm the patient details with the patient
  2. check the prescription is legally valid
  3. ensure the prescription exemption declaration is completed
  4. idetify any special requirements
  5. check the evidence of exemption
  6. take payment if not exempt
  7. any known allergies
  8. check stock availability
  9. inform of waiting times
  10. issue a prescription receipt
  11. forward for clinical check and dispensing
141
Q

Why are some people exempt?

A
  • under the age of 16
  • aged 16-18 and in full time education
  • over the age of 60
  • HC2 certificate - university / apprenticeships
  • prepayment certificate
  • maternity exemption
  • medical exemption - diabetic / thyroid
  • incomee support
  • tax credits
  • job seekers allowance
  • war pensioner
  • contraceptives
  • diability
  • has a partner who gets pension credits (PCGC)
142
Q

What are the types of prescription check?

A
  1. clinical check
  2. in-process check
  3. final check
143
Q

What happens when a patient collects a prescription?

A
  • Greet patient
  • Check patient’s name
  • Confirm the patient’s address/DOB
  • Have you had this medication before?
  • Are you on any other medication?
  • Do you have any allergies?
  • Patient counselling
    • warnings
    • complete the course
    • how to store
  • Check understanding/questions
    • additional needs
  • Any sundries?
144
Q

How long does a standard drug patent last in the UK?

A

A standard drug patent is 20 years.

145
Q

When can a generic version of a drug be produced?

A

A generic version can be produced once the patent has expired.

146
Q

What is a generic drug usually named after?

A

A generic drug is usually named after the active ingredient.

147
Q

What are the benefits of automated drug dispensing?

A
  • automated stock control
  • reduces dispensing errors
  • efficiencies in dispensing and turnaround times
  • enabling of a reengineering of pharmacy services, which might include developing a ward-based medicines management service & decentralising clinical pharmacy service
148
Q

!What happens with a dispensing robot on the wards?

A
  • linked to drug cabinet/drawer
  • dispenses unit doses or OPs
  • can be patient or drug specific
  • computer system verifies the dose then delivers required medication
149
Q

Define the term procurement

A

Procurement is ordering the correct quantity and quality of products at a competitive price from a reputable supplier who will deliver on time.

150
Q

What is a local contract?

A

A local contract is an agreement between a supplier and a pharmacy to purchase medication at a certain price. The more you buy the cheaper you get it.

151
Q

What is a national contract?

A

A national contract is when a group of pharmacies work together nationally to achieve the best price. Good because covers a wide area, can ensure even prescribing.

152
Q

Does the NHS work under a local or national contract?

A

The NHS works under a local and a national contract.

153
Q

When would a ‘special’ be required?

A

When there isn’t a licensed version of the drug.

154
Q

What do you need to check when receiving stock?

A
  • check the delivery is for us
  • check the order number against the original order
  • check the pack size is correct
  • check the brand of the medication is what was paid for
  • ensure the quantity is correct
  • check the price is correct
155
Q

Why would a medication be stored in the inflam cupboard?

A

Because it is hazardous, flammable and a volatile liquid.

156
Q

How do you deal with a specialist spillage?

A
  • evacuate the area
  • alert everyone
  • close off the area if possible
  • when it is safe, open the windows
  • contact appropriate people/company to deal with spill –> specialist PPE
  • once cleaned, the area is safe
157
Q

How do you deal with a general spillage?

A
  • cordon off area
  • alert everyone to spillage
  • mustn’t leave area
  • ask someone to bring spill kit + be aware of COSHH regulations
  • put PPE on
  • tweezers to pick up glass - dispose of in sharps bin
  • soak up liquid - bring spill inwards to avoid spreading
  • if sticky, may also require mopping
  • adjust stock level + reorder if level low
    • if CD update register
158
Q

How should waste be disposed of?

A
  • put waste in correct area
  • must be closed + secured properly
  • waste is labelled - where from etc.
  • must be secure and out of the public’s reach
  • authorised waste disposal company to collect the waste - must fill in documentation –> audit trail
159
Q

What is meant by the term stock rotation?

A

Put the stock with shortest expiry in the position to be used first.

160
Q

What are some reasons stock should be returned to the supplier?

A
  • too expensive - sent off contract
  • too short an expiry
  • damaged
  • incorrect drug/item
  • too many sent
  • incorrect strength
  • incorrect form
  • ordered in error
  • duplicate orders
  • incorrect storage (ie not in fridge)
  • wrong pack size
161
Q

What is the procedure for returning stock to the supplier?

A
  • segregate the stock to be returned + label it as a return
  • receive onto system to receive a returns number/ring supplier to get a returns number
  • returns book/fill in delivery note returns
    • complete returns documentation
  • package items with returns documentation
  • collected
  • re-order
162
Q

What is a class I drug alert?

A

A class I drug alert is critical.

163
Q

What is a class II drug alert?

A

A class II drug alert is major.

164
Q

What is a class III drug alert?

A

A class III drug alert is minor.

165
Q

What is a class IV drug alert?

A

A class IV drug alert is a use in caution.

166
Q

What is an example of a class I drug alert?

A

A class I drug alert could be having the wrong drug packaged.

167
Q

When must a class I drug alert be dealt with?

A

A class I drug alert must be dealt with immediately, even out of hours.

168
Q

When must a class II drug alert be dealt with?

A

A class II drug alert must be dealt with within 48 hours.

169
Q

What is an example of a class II drug alert?

A

An example of a class II drug alert could be if a drug is missing MR.

170
Q

When must a class III drug alert be dealt with?

A

A class III drug alert must be dealt with within 5 days.

171
Q

What is an example of a class III drug alert?

A

An example of a class III drug alert could be missing an expiry date or batch no,

172
Q

What is an example of a class IV drug alert?

A

An example of a class IV drug alert could be an out-of-date PIL.

173
Q

What would occur in the event of a class IV drug alert?

A

In the event of a class IV drug alert a patient may just need more information,

174
Q

What would pharmacies need to do in the event of a class I drug alert?

A
  • dealt with immediately, even if out of hours
  • check stock, do we have any of the affected batch numbers - recall everything
  • ensure stock is quarantined + clearly label
  • contact the supplier
  • reorder if needed

!Pharmacy Tech year 1 (22 decks)

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