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!Pharmacy Tech year 1 > 315 - Communicating in Pharmacy > Flashcards

315 - Communicating in Pharmacy Flashcards

1
Q

How many days should alcohol consumption be spread over?

A

Alcohol consumption should be spread over a minimum of three days.

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2
Q

Which BMI range is considered obese?

A

A BMI in the range of 30 - 34.9 is considered obese.

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3
Q

When are requests by patient symptoms and requests by a drug name treated the same way?

(pharmacy protocol)

A
  • if they need to be referred to the pharmacist
  • if extra information or advice is needed related to the medicine
  • confirmation of dose and frequency
  • side effects relating to the medicine
  • when they need to go to the GP
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4
Q

What advice should be given to a patient who is high risk of developing cardiovascular disease?

A
  • quit smoking
  • eat less saturated fat/balanced diet
  • lifestyle changes to manage diabetes
  • exercise regularly
  • lose weight (overweight/obese)
  • reduce alcohol consumption
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5
Q

What is a closed question?

A

A closed question is one which has a yes or no answer.

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6
Q

Why should compound questions not be used?

A

Compound questions mislead and confuse the patient.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of an MUR?

A
  • improve patients adherence and compliance with using their medications
  • reduce waste due to unused medicines - medicines optimisation
  • improves the patient’s understanding
  • may highlight side-effects (or solution for them)
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8
Q

Define a prescription only medicine (POM).

A

A POM is a medicine which may only be sold or supplied by retail in accordance with a prescription given by an appropriate practitioner.

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9
Q

When are closed questioning techniques used?

A

Closed questioning techniques are used to get a facts, confirmation and to build understanding or to curtail a conversation.

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10
Q

What is a probing question?

A

A follow-up question that is used to clarify the answer and get more detail and information.

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11
Q

Which license states which category a medicine falls into?

A

The product license states which class a medicine falls into (GSL, P or POM).

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12
Q

What is the pharmacy protocol?

A

The pharmacy protocol is a written procedure to provide information to pharmacy staff on how to deal with the sale of pharmacy (OTC) medicines.

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13
Q

What is an MUR?

A

A Medicines use review (MUR) is an advanced service within the NHS community pharmacy contract framework. It is a review that is undertaken by the pharmacist to help effectively manage patients’ medicines.

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14
Q

What is the maximum number of units men and women are recommended to drink in a week?

A

14 units is the maximum number of units men and women are recommended to drink in a week.

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15
Q

What are the (3) instructional techniques?

A
  • explaining
  • demonstrating
  • instructing
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16
Q

Which BMI range is considered overweight?

A

A BMI in the range of 25 - 29.9 is considered overweight.

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17
Q

What are the elements of the pharmacy protocol?

A
  • dealing with requests for medicine by name
  • dealing with requests by symptoms
  • when to refer
  • abused & misused medicines
  • refusal of sale & when to do so
  • medicine to be sold with extra caution or by the pharmacist
  • staff training
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18
Q

What is a compound question?

A

When more than one question is asked in a single question.

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19
Q

When is use of the inverted funneling technique appropriate?

A

The inverted funneling technique is useful when someone is shy or not talking freely.

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20
Q

Define summarising

A

Summarising involves giving a brief statement of the main points at the end of counselling a patient.

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21
Q

Which BMI range is considered severely obese?

A

A BMI in the range of 35 - 40 is considered severely obese.

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22
Q

What is the daily salt guideline?

A

6g of salt daily.

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23
Q

What does the acronym 2WHAM stand for?

A

W - who is the patient?

W - what are the symptoms?

H - how long have the symptoms been present?

A - actions already taken; what medicines have they tried?

M - medication being taken for other problems

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24
Q

What is concordance?

A

Concordance is related to the agreement and consistency to the overall plan.

Refers to how the actions of a patient match their overall plan agreed with the professional.

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25
Q

Which BMI range is classed as normal?

A

A BMI in the range of 18.5 - 24.9 is considered normal.

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26
Q

Define sequencing.

A

Sequencing involves putting things into a chronological order.

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27
Q

How many units in one session is defined as binge drinking for women?

A

6 units or more is defined as binge drinking for women.

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28
Q

What is compliance?

A

Compliance is the patient’s actions after receiving the recommendations, agreed with them.

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29
Q

What are the benefits of stress reduction?

A
  • improvement in mood
    • reduces risk of suffering depression/anxiety
  • improvement to physical health (stress has long term negative impacts on the body)
    • risk factor for disease (stroke)
  • improve relationships
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30
Q

When are examples of times when you would have to refer when selling over-the-counter medicines?

A
  • needs a pharmacist consultation
  • contra-indicated
  • suspected misuse/abuse
  • taking a lot of medication
  • pregnancy/brest-feeding
  • cultural/not comfortable
  • complex symptoms / prolonged symptoms
    • (3 weeks see GP)
  • children under 1 refer to pharmacist/GP
  • extra advice
31
Q

What is secondary health education?

A

Secondary health education provides advice to patients to get an early diagnosis.

(early diabetic diagnosis - dietary advice instead of lifetime of medication potentially)

32
Q

How many units in one session is defined as binge drinking for men?

A

Binge drinking for men is defined as 8 units or more in one session.

33
Q

What is an explanation?

And what is an example of an explanation for a patient?

A

An explanation provides patients with clear information about their medication.

Example: tell them

34
Q

Define body mass index (BMI).

A

Body mass index is defined as an approximate measure of whether someone is over or underweight, calculated by dividing their weight in kilograms by the square of their height in metres.

35
Q

Why are the 2WHAM questions used?

A
  • helps to recommend an appropriate OTC
  • minimises the risk of missing out vital information
36
Q

What methods do we use to help the patient to retain the information?

A
  • Summarising
  • emphasising
  • sequencing
37
Q

Which food group should make up a third of the foods you eat?

A

Starchy carbohydrates should make up a third of the foods you eat.

38
Q

Define a general sales list (GSL) medicine.

A

A general sales list (GSL) medicine are those which in the opinion of the appropriate minister can with reasonable safety be sold or supplied otherwise than by or under the supervision of a pharmacist.

39
Q

Define emphasising.

A

Emphasising involves highlighting or laying importance on a particular word or phrase during counselling.

40
Q

Define health promotion

A

Health promotion is promoting activities to improve health and prevent disease.

Providing an individual with the information they need to make an informed decision.

41
Q

What are the componenets of a healthy lifestyle?

A
  • diet
  • alcohol intake
  • drug intake
  • exercise
  • stress-reduction
42
Q

What is the funneling question technique?

A

The funneling question technique starts with an open question then uses a probing question and then a closed question.

43
Q

When would an open question be used?

A

Open questions are used to gain more information from the patient.

44
Q

Which class of medicine is safe for sale without the supervision of a pharmacist?

A

GSL medicines can be sold without the supervision of a pharmacist.

45
Q

Who has to be on the premesis for a pharmacy medication to be sold?

A

The pharmacist must be on the premesis for a pharmacy medicine to be sold.

46
Q

Define a pharmacy (P) medine.

A

A pharmacy medicine or medicinal product is one which is not a prescription only medicine and is not on the general sales list. It can only be sold in a retail pharmacy business under the supervision of a pharmacist.

47
Q

What is a demonstration?

What is an example of a demonstration for a patient?

A

A practical exhibition and explanation of how something works or is performed.

Example: show them (inhaler, oral syringe, elastic hosiery, spacer/volumatic devices, pill cutters)

48
Q

What is the inverted funelling technique?

A

The inverted funneling technique starts with a closed question and is then followed with a probing question and then finishes with an open question.

49
Q

What is tertiary health education?

A

Tertiary health education is a patient with an existing condition been diagnosed for a while - health education to stop further deterioration, managing an existing condition.

(asthma - what are your triggers?)

50
Q

Which BMI range is classed as underweight?

A

A BMI below 18.5 is classed as underweight.

51
Q

When is the funneling question technique used?

A

The funelling question technique is used to gain an exact answer when the patient is providing information willingly.

52
Q

What is instruction?

What are examples of instruction?

A

Instruction is detailed information about how something should be operated.

Examples include: using drops, nasal sprays, insulin, creams and dressings.

53
Q

Too much of what can raise cholesterol levels?

A

Too much saturated fat can raise cholesterol levels.

54
Q

What is the cardiovascular risk assessment?

A

A cardiovascular risk assessment tool is used to estimate a patient’s 10 year risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). They should be used to identify high-risk patients for the purpose of primary prevention of CVD.

55
Q

What is health promotion (examples of)?

A
  • misuse of antibiotics
  • flu vaccination (PGD)
  • travel vaccinations
  • dry January
  • ‘healthy living’
  • change 4 life
  • umbrella services (sexual health)
  • smoking cessation - Stoptober
  • mental health & wellbeing
  • sun protection
56
Q

What are the current NHS guidelines for exercise?

A

Adults aged 19-64 should do at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity every week and strength exercises on 2 or more days a week.

57
Q

What are the potential consequences of binge drinking?

A
  • unsafe sex
    • unwanted pregnancy
  • heart disease
  • increase the risk of accidents
58
Q

What conditions apply to the retail supply of a GSL?

A
  • the business must be closed to the public at some point or the product must not be readily available
  • must be sold in its original packaging
59
Q

What is primary health education?

A

Primary health education advises patients of behaviours that need to be changed. - If you don’t you will get ill.

(Should be sought out by the patient)

60
Q

What factors are considered in a cardiovascular risk assessment?

A
  1. age (25-84)
  2. gender
  3. smoking status
  4. diabetic
  5. heart disease <60
  6. BP medication
  7. postcode
  8. BMI
  9. systolic blood pressure
  10. cholesterol
  11. ethnicity
  12. rheumatoid arthritis
  13. chronic kidney disease
  14. atrial fibrilation
61
Q

What is an open question?

A

An open question cannot be answered with a simple yes or no response.

62
Q

How would you deal with a request by symptoms according to the pharmacy protocol?

A

Can deal with a request by symptoms by asking the 2WHAM questions.

63
Q

Which drugs are POMs?

A
  • those that the market authorisation has classed as POMs
  • CDs
  • those for parenteral administration
64
Q

How long is the data obtained in an MUR kept for?

A

The data taken in an MUR is stored for 2 years.

65
Q

What information is recorded during an MUR?

A
  • patients details
  • PMR list of medications
  • consultation notes
  • problems identified
  • action to solve problem
  • advice to improve compliance
66
Q

What is a regular MUR?

A

Consists of performing a routine review with a patient on a regular basis (every year or on change of medications).

67
Q

What is a presccription intervention MUR?

A

More reactive to the situation that’s occured in response to a compliance issue (issue generally highlighted in dispensing process).

68
Q

What are the advantages of using PODs?

A
  • familiar with taking them
  • patients have own routine
  • drug rounds take less time
  • saves money
69
Q

When will a patient have a POD review?

A

A patient will have a POD review on entering the ward to establish which of their PODs can be reused through their stay in hospital.

70
Q

What details should be recorded during a POD review?

A
  • patient details
  • names of PODs that can be used during the stay
  • the quantity of each of the PODs
  • any PODs that can’t be used and need to be destroyed
71
Q

Why are PODs recorded?

A
  • audit trail
  • can refer back to it
72
Q

When are PODs NOT used?

A
  • dose changes
  • not patients own
  • not in a box
  • wrong medicines in the wrong box
  • damaged
  • no expiry date / or expired
73
Q

How do we ensure confidentiality?

A
  • shred - confidential waste
  • MUR - use consultation room
  • make sure documents are stored safely and securely
  • don’t share information
  • be discrete
  • ask for patients consent

!Pharmacy Tech year 1 (22 decks)

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