Disorders of MSK: Trauma, infections, neoplasms

Question 1

Shoulder and rotator cuff injuries

Answer 1

• clavicle fractures (most common in childhood)
• acromicroclavicular joint injuries: most common for sprains
• glenohumeral dislocations
• tendinitis
• subacromial bursitis
• shoulder consists of 3 bones: scapula, clavicle, and humerus

Question 2

Knee injuries

Answer 2

• ligament injury (some of most serious-forceful stress against, excessive weight)
• meniscus injury
• patellar subluxation and dislocation
• patellofemoral pain syndrome

Question 3

Meniscus injury

Answer 3

• sudden or sharp pivot or blow to the knee

- FB players, hockey, basketball

Question 4

Patellar injuries

Answer 4

• common in young adults
• skiing or tennis
• extra rotation of foot and leg and knee flexion. position that puts on rotational stress on knee

Question 5

ACL injury

Answer 5

• Pop or tearing sensation along w/ sudden pain

- knee becomes swollen because of hemorrhage into the knee

Question 6

Hip injuries

Answer 6

• dislocation
• fracture
• involve ball and socket-critical for torn obtrurator artery
• Seek emergency right away

Question 7

Bone healing

Answer 7

• Hematoms and fibrin networks
• formation of soft tissue callus
• Ca salts deposited in new tissue
• new tissue remodeled into normal shape

Question 8

Complications from injury

Answer 8

• skin injury: fracture blisters
• muscle injury and swelling: compartment syndrome
• fat droplets in blood vessels: fat emboli syndrome
• PNS or CNS injury: complex regional pain syndrome
• nerve injury-reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Question 9

Osteomyelitis

Answer 9

• acute or chronic infection of bone and bone marrow
• pyogenic osteomyelitis-usually bacteria
• TB osteomyelitis

Question 10

Hematogenous osteomyelitis

Answer 10

• in vertebrae, sternoclavicular, sacroiliac joints, pr pubic symphysis
• tends to affect joint space

Question 11

Chronic osteomyelitis

Answer 11

• sequestrum: infected dead bone separated from living bone

- Involucrum: sheath of new bone surrounding dead bone

Question 12

Osteonecrosis

Answer 12

• caused by ischemia to bone due
• -bone fracture
• -thrombosis or embolism
• -vessel injury
• -compartment syndrome inside bone (increased intraosseous pressure)
• -steroid therapy

Question 13

Benign bone tumors

Answer 13

• limited confines of the bone
• chromdromas (hyaline cartilage)
• osteochondroma-most common
• giant cell tumor (osteosclastoma)-aggressive, mimics malignant, destroys bone substance

Question 14

Osteochrondroma

Answer 14

-cartilage capped tumor attached to underlying bone by a bone stalk

Question 15

Malignant bone tumors

Answer 15

• osteosarcoma: aggressive-most common
• Chrondrosarcoma: slow growing; mets late
• Ewing sarcoma-rare in old adults
• metastatic bone disease-osseous tissue; mets from primary site