Diseases of the Alimentary Tract P639-842 Flashcards
An abdominocentesis should be performed before laparoscopy because what parameters of the peritoneal fluid changes due to the surgery?
The abdominal WBC count and TS will increase
The stomach is located approximately where, by US, in the horse?
ICS 9th-13th, on the left side
The stomach should be no greater than how many mm thick?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
C) 7, though when the stomach is completely empty, the wall thickness can extend up to 1 cm
Foals with rota or clostridial diarrhea can become lactose intolerant, due to lose of lactase. This stems from loss of the mucosal brush border along the small intestine. How can lactose tolerance be measured?
Administer a 0.5-1 g/kg of 20% soln of D-lactose. The serum glucose levels should double within 60 mins of administration.
What is the most frequently reported oral tumor of the horse?
A) Melanoma
B) SCC
C) Lymphosarcoma
D) Papilloma
B) SCC
T/F The esophagus is covered in serosa.
F The outer wall of the esophagus is composed of adventitious that is loosely attached to surrounding tissue.
The cranial 2/3rds of the esophageal wall is composed of _____ muscle, whereas the distal 1/3rd of is composed of ____ muscle.
A) skeletal, smooth
B) smooth, skeletal
A) The cranial 2/3rds of the esophageal wall is composed of skeletal muscle, whereas the distal 1/3rd of is composed of smooth muscle.
This is a prokinetic drug that may benefit foals with reflux esophagitis. It reduces gastroesophageal reflux by increasing lower esophageal sphincter tone, gastric emptying and gastroduodenal coordination.
A) Cisapride
B) Metaclopramide
C) Erythromycin
D) Lidocaine
B) Metaclopramide dosed at 0.02-0.1 mg/kg SC q4-12 hrs
Horses are prone to the extrapyramidal neurologic side effects and CRI of this drug may reduce the risk or severity of the neurologic side effects.
A weanling aged foal presents with dysphagia, drooling of saliva, distention of the cervical esophagus. The foal has an unthrifty hair coat, is smaller than same aged pasture mates and has a poor BCS. There is radiographic evidence of aspiration pneumonia. An endoscopic evaluation of the esophagus reveals dilation of the esophagus and mild evidence of diffuse esophagitis. Radiographs reveal esophageal dilation in the caudocervical region, extending into the thoracic inlet. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Foreign body
B) Congenital stenosis
C) Idiopathic megaesophagus
D) Persistent right aortic arch
D) Persistent right aortic arch. This formed as a fetus, where the fourth right aortic arch became the definitive aorta instead of the left aortic arch. The ligamentum arteriosum is responsible for constricting the esophagus.
One study has shown that maximal reduction in esophageal lumen occurs ____ days after an esophageal obstruction. The esophagus continues to change and remodel up to ____ days after the obstruction.
A) 15, 30
B) 20, 40
C) 30, 60
D) 40, 80
C) 30, 60
Which grade, in the scoring system for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, does this description match with:
The epithelium is intact and there is no appearance of hyperkeratosis.
A) Grade 0 ESGUS
B) Grade 0 EGGUS
A) Grade 0 for ESGUS
Which grade, in the scoring system for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, does this description match with:
The epithelium is intact and there is no hyperemia.
A) Grade 0 ESGUS
B) Grade 0 EGGUS
B) Grade 0 EGGUS
Which grade, in the scoring system for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, does this description match with:
The mucosa is intact, but there are areas of hyperkeratosis.
A) Grade I ESGUS
B) Grade I EGGUS
A) Grade I ESGUS
Which grade, in the scoring system for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, does this description match with:
The mucosa is intact, but there are areas of hyperemia.
A) Grade I ESGUS
B) Grade I EGGUS
B) Grade I EGGUS
Which grade, in the scoring system for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, does this description match with:
Small single or multi focal lesions.
A) Grade 0 B) Grade I C) Grade II D) Grade III E) Grade IV
C) Grade II
Which grade, in the scoring system for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, does this description match with:
Large single, or multi focal lesions or extensive superficial lesions.
A) Grade 0 B) Grade I C) Grade II D) Grade III E) Grade IV
C) Grade III
Which grade, in the scoring system for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, does this description match with:
Extensive lesions with areas of apparent deep ulceration.
A) Grade 0 B) Grade I C) Grade II D) Grade III E) Grade IV
E) IV
While gastroscopy is the best to diagnose EGUS, what other clinical signs may be present in a horse dealing with this condition?
Recurrent colic, poor appetite, weight loss, hair coat and behavioral changes, pain on tightening of the girth, diarrhea
This stomach content contributes largely to squamous ulceration in the horse.
A) Pepsinogen
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Mucin
B) Hydrochloric acid
In a horse that is predominantly on a roughage-based diet, the addition of a soluble carbohydrate can contribute to squamous mucosal injury. How does this occur?
Fermentation of the carbohydrate to short-chain fatty acids can disrupt the physiological protective effect of the roughage diet.
