diseases of lungs and digestive

Question 1

emphysema

Answer 1

long term exposure to toxins
cause damage to alveoli making them lose their elasticity reducing internal surface area
loss of elasticity means that lungs are always inflated and breathing requires voluntaryeffort

Question 2

lung cancer

Answer 2

development of tumour in lungs

common in bronchi walls, irritates mucous membrane causing excess mucous production which make alveoli rupture

Question 3

lung infections

Answer 3

Pneumonia: bacterial, fungal, viral
tb: bacterial
inflammation from infection causes secretion of fluid and mucus into alveoli -> reducing amount of air they have

Question 4

asthma

Answer 4

allergic response to foreign substances that enter the body
muscles around bronchi go into spasm causing narrowing making it hard to breathe
less o2 to cells

Question 5

constipation

Answer 5

when large intestine movements are reduced and contents remain their for long time. poo is harder
lack of cellulose

Question 6

Diarrhoea

Answer 6

frequent defection of watery faeces

irritation of both intestines, increase peristalsis so contents mover through before enough water is absorbed

Question 7

bowel cancer

Answer 7

growth of tumour in bowel

Question 8

fibre in diet

Answer 8

soluble fibre intake lowers cholesterol

they trap fats in intestines and prevent their absorption into the body

Question 9

coeliac disease

Answer 9

unable to tolerate gluten
if they do, immune system attack villi in small intestine, meaning nutrients not absorbed as well which could lead to malnourishment