chp 1&2

Question 1

human biological science

Answer 1

scientific study of human both as individuals and within populations, and how they interact with the environment

Question 2

what is science

Answer 2

process of inquiry

body of knowledge gained by observation and testing of ideas

Question 3

prehistory

Answer 3

before written records

Question 4

anthropology

Answer 4

biological, cultural, geographical, historical aspects of human

Question 5

primatologist

Answer 5

non human primates

Question 6

archeology

Answer 6

material evidence

Question 7

psychology

Answer 7

human behaviour

Question 8

anatomy

Answer 8

structure of body

Question 9

molecular biology

Answer 9

macromolecules of the cell

Question 10

sociology

Answer 10

nature of human society

Question 11

biochemistry

Answer 11

chemistry of living things

Question 12

genetics

Answer 12

inheritance

Question 13

cytology

Answer 13

cells

Question 14

demography

Answer 14

statistical study of population

Question 15

embryology

Answer 15

fertilisation to birth

Question 16

nutrition

Answer 16

food requirements

Question 17

palaeontology

Answer 17

fossils

Question 18

physiology

Answer 18

living things

Question 19

how scientists investigate

Answer 19

literature reviews: reviewing past discoveries

observation: information gathered using senses/ instruments that enhance senses
classifying: placing things in groups based on similarity of characteristics
experimentation: designed to support/disprove hypothesis

Question 20

how do scientists avoid bias or error

Answer 20

objectivity: scientists shouldn’t allow thoughts/feelings influence recording or interpretation of results

Question 21

repetition

Answer 21

doing multiple trials, measurements related and averages calculated

Question 22

replication

Answer 22

another person repeating/ recreating the experiment to get similar results

Question 23

reliability

Answer 23

how well an experiment gives the same results each time it is performed, improved by repetition

Question 24

validity

Answer 24

experiment is valid when an experiment tests what it is meant to test. is fair, IV controlled well

Question 25

placebo

Answer 25

fake treatment
effect: physiological effect on human body by taking a placebo drug to see if the drug has an effect. medical treatment that is inert. triggered by belief in treatment, stress can develop diseases

Question 26

scientific method steps

Answer 26

1. recognise a problem and define a question
2. Collection of information related to the problem
3. make a hypothesis
4. test the hypothesis using an experiment
5. Collection of data: analyse and interpret
6. draw conclusions about whether the hypothesis was supported or disproved

Question 27

experimental error

Answer 27

human: simply a mistake (take care and check)
Random: unpredictable errors (take several measurements and average)
systematic: due to experiment design (change experimental procedure)

Question 28

ethical considerations

Answer 28

safety: should not present danger to participants and investigators
ethics: moral principles
1. voluntary participation
2. informed consent
3. no risk of harm
4. confidentiality
5. anonymity