Diseases Flashcards
S/S of PE (pulmonary embolism):
SOB
Chest pain
Syncope
Cough ( may have blood)
Tachycardia
Leg pain/edema
Fever
Lightheadness
Pleural effusion
A buildup of fluid between the tissues that line the lungs and the chest.
What are signs of acute menigitis?
• Fever
• Stiff neck
• photophobia (Light sensitivity)
• Onset in hours to few days
• AMS and seizures
what are the signs of TB infection?
Latent:
• no signs
• not contagious
Active:
• Very infectious
• Weakness
• Weight loss
• Fever
• No appetite
• Chills
• Sweating at night
What are the S/S of a stroke?
• Sudden slurring of speech or trouble speaking
- Sudden onset of numbness or weakness of face, arm, leg
• Sudden onset of confusion
• Sudden onset of blurred vision
• Sudden onset of dizziness or lack of balance
• Sudden onset of a severe headache with no other cause
• Numbness or tingling in the hand
• Sudden visual changes
What are the S/S of AMI (acute myocardial infarction)?
- Chest pain radiating to jaw, arms, shoulders, or back
• Anxiety
• SOB
• Sense of impending doom
• Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Light-headedness or dizziness
• Weakness
What are the S/S of cardiac tamponade?
- Becks triad (hypotension w/ narrow BP, muffled heart sounds, JVD)
- Sharp pain in chest
- Problems breathing
- edema in legs or abdomen
- tachypnea
- Chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing or coughing
- fainting or dizziness
- Jaundice
- cyanosis
What are S/S of tension pneumothorax?
- Chest pain
- Tachypnea
- SOB
- sucking or gurgling sounds over wound
- deviated trachea
- absent breath sounds in affected lung
What are S/S of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- Edema
- Bilateral rales/crackles in lungs
- chest pain
- SOB
- orthopnea
- JVD
What are the S/S of angina pectoris (ischemic chest pain) ?
- squealing, pressure , heaviness
- usually last short time (<5 mins)
- relieved by rest and medication
What is the treatment of angina pectoris (ischemic chest pain)?
- aspirin
- O2
- nitro
What is the treatment of for cardiac tamponade ?
- support ABC’s
- treat for shock
- rapid transport
- notify Receiving facility
What is the treatment of of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- support ABC’s
- administer CPAP
- NRM (if no CPAP)
- nitro
What are the S/S of MI in women?
- back pain
- severe indigestion
- abdominal pain
- ams/ unexplained weakness
What is the treatment of a stroke?
- support ABC’s
- give O2
- rapid transport to stroke center
- determine “last well known” time
What is the treatment for shock?
- find and fix cause of shock
(cpr, tourniquet, epinephrine) - keep warm
- give O2
- administer IV with fluids
What are the general signs of shock?
Change in mental state
Agitation, confusion, unresponsiveness
- Tachypnea
Rapid breathing ( >25 breaths/minute) - Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate ( >100 BPM) - Hypotension
Low Blood pressure ( <90/60 mmHg) - Skin Changes
Cool, clammy, pale - Oliguria
Low urine output
What is the treatment of tension pneumothorax?
- O2
- seal wound with occlusive dressing w/ 3 sides of tape
- needle decompression in second intercostal space (above 3rd rib)
What are S/S of intracranial pressure (ICP)?
- irregular breathing (Cheyenne stroke)
- bradycardia
- widened BP
- headaches, nausea, vomiting
- AMS
- sluggish or absent pupil response
- decerebrate posturing
What is acute meningitis?
an inflammation of the membranes (meninges) that cover the brain and spinal cord
What is PE (pulmonary embolism)?
condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot
Compare and contrast between epidural hematoma and subdural hematoma?
- epidural hematoma occur between skull and dura matter (outermost layer of brain of brains protective membranes)
- subdural hematoma occur between dura matter and brain itself
What is pulmonary edema?
Fluid buildup in the alveoli (where gas exchange happens)
What is tension pneumothorax?
When the air in the plural cavity displaces the lung and results in absence of breath sounds.
