Disease Prevention Flashcards
Hoof scald
-caused by bacteria found in ruminant feces
- worsened by cold, wet conditions
-inflammation and irritation between toes
Hoof rot
- caused by bacteria carried in cattle, deer, and horses
-requires irritation to allow bacteria into the foot - prevalent and contagious in wet, moist conditions
-hoof will separate from tissue in severe cases
How to treat infected hooves?
-keep bedding clean and dry
- foot bath with zinc/ copper sulfate or 7% iodine solution
-kopertox solution is water resistant and stains bright green
What diseases are goats tested for before brought to the farm
-Johnes
- needs scrapie tag
- CL
-caprine arthritis encephalitis
Caprine arthritis encephalitis (adults)
-most common symptom is joint swelling and lameness
- pneumonia and mastitis are secondary symptoms
-transmitted to adults by nasal discharge or saliva
Caprine arthritis encephalitis (kids)
-more dangerous
-causes encephalomyelitis (neurological)
-head tilts, circling, seizures, muscle atrophy
-transmitted from moms milk
-dairy goats more affected (genetics, moms nursing multiple litters)
Johnes disease
-highly contagious and fatal infection of the small intestine
-nutrients cannot be absorbed
-transmitted through feces
-usually don’t show symptoms until ~1 year old, infected at birth
- no treatment- cull
Scrapie
-fatal, degenerative disease of the central nervous system
-transmission not understood in adults (passed to kids in utero)
-symptoms take 2-5 years to appear
-biting limbs
-weight loss
-stargazing
-tremors
-bunny hopping
National scrapie eradication program
-USDA/APHIS
- regulatory scrapie slaughter surveillance (random testing)
- non slaughter surveillance (find outbreak origins, teaching signs)
- scrapie free flock certification programs
How old do goats need to be to need a scrapie tag?
Goats older than 18 months must have a scrapie tag to be sold or sent to auction
-wethers under 18 months do not need one (low risk)
SQ angle
45 degrees
IM angle
90 degrees
IV angle
25 degrees
IP angle
15-20 degrees
where to give injections?
-Neck (IM)
-behind front legs
Where to NOT give injections
-back legs
- rump
What vaccines are given at Hadley farm
-leptospirosis (abortive)
-campylobacter (abortive)
-chlamydia (abortive)
-rabies
- CD&T (tetanus, enterotexemia)
How often do bucks get vaccines
-CD&T- annually
- rabies- annually
How often are does vaccinated
- CD&T- annually, 30 days pre kidding
- rabies-annually
- chlamydia/campylobacter- 30+60 days pre-breeding, 30 days pre breeding
-leptospirosis-3 weeks pre breeding
How often are kids vaccinated
- CD&T- 4,8,12 weeks
-rabies- 3 months old
Rabies
-zoonotic
-no vx labeled for goats. Sheep vx used off label
- aggressive behavior, salivation, excessive bleating, can’t swollen food, circling
Tetanus
-aka lockjaw
-clostridium tetani
-bacteria lives in soil. Can infect wounds or cuts from hoof trimming
-muscle stiffness
-antitoxin and high doses of penicillin(often unsuccessful)
-death caused by asphyxiation when diaphragm paralyzes
Enterotoxemia
-over eating disease
-caused by clostridium type C and D which are found in GI tract of ruminants
-excessive milk and high grain, stress, illness, parasites, low hay diets cause more bacteria to grow
-loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal pain
-penicillin and antitoxin
