Disease Prevention

Question 1

Hoof scald

Answer 1

-caused by bacteria found in ruminant feces
- worsened by cold, wet conditions
-inflammation and irritation between toes

Question 2

Hoof rot

Answer 2

• caused by bacteria carried in cattle, deer, and horses
  -requires irritation to allow bacteria into the foot
• prevalent and contagious in wet, moist conditions
  -hoof will separate from tissue in severe cases

Question 3

How to treat infected hooves?

Answer 3

-keep bedding clean and dry
- foot bath with zinc/ copper sulfate or 7% iodine solution
-kopertox solution is water resistant and stains bright green

Question 4

What diseases are goats tested for before brought to the farm

Answer 4

-Johnes
- needs scrapie tag
- CL
-caprine arthritis encephalitis

Question 5

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (adults)

Answer 5

-most common symptom is joint swelling and lameness
- pneumonia and mastitis are secondary symptoms
-transmitted to adults by nasal discharge or saliva

Question 6

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (kids)

Answer 6

-more dangerous
-causes encephalomyelitis (neurological)
-head tilts, circling, seizures, muscle atrophy
-transmitted from moms milk
-dairy goats more affected (genetics, moms nursing multiple litters)

Question 7

Johnes disease

Answer 7

-highly contagious and fatal infection of the small intestine
-nutrients cannot be absorbed
-transmitted through feces
-usually don’t show symptoms until ~1 year old, infected at birth
- no treatment- cull

Question 8

Scrapie

Answer 8

-fatal, degenerative disease of the central nervous system
-transmission not understood in adults (passed to kids in utero)
-symptoms take 2-5 years to appear
-biting limbs
-weight loss
-stargazing
-tremors
-bunny hopping

Question 9

National scrapie eradication program

Answer 9

-USDA/APHIS
- regulatory scrapie slaughter surveillance (random testing)
- non slaughter surveillance (find outbreak origins, teaching signs)
- scrapie free flock certification programs

Question 10

How old do goats need to be to need a scrapie tag?

Answer 10

Goats older than 18 months must have a scrapie tag to be sold or sent to auction
-wethers under 18 months do not need one (low risk)

Question 11

SQ angle

Answer 11

45 degrees

Question 12

IM angle

Answer 12

90 degrees

Question 13

IV angle

Answer 13

25 degrees

Question 14

IP angle

Answer 14

15-20 degrees

Question 15

where to give injections?

Answer 15

-Neck (IM)
-behind front legs

Question 16

Where to NOT give injections

Answer 16

-back legs
- rump

Question 17

What vaccines are given at Hadley farm

Answer 17

-leptospirosis (abortive)
-campylobacter (abortive)
-chlamydia (abortive)
-rabies
- CD&T (tetanus, enterotexemia)

Question 18

How often do bucks get vaccines

Answer 18

-CD&T- annually
- rabies- annually

Question 19

How often are does vaccinated

Answer 19

• CD&T- annually, 30 days pre kidding
• rabies-annually
• chlamydia/campylobacter- 30+60 days pre-breeding, 30 days pre breeding
  -leptospirosis-3 weeks pre breeding

Question 20

How often are kids vaccinated

Answer 20

• CD&T- 4,8,12 weeks
  -rabies- 3 months old

Question 21

Rabies

Answer 21

-zoonotic
-no vx labeled for goats. Sheep vx used off label
- aggressive behavior, salivation, excessive bleating, can’t swollen food, circling

Question 22

Tetanus

Answer 22

-aka lockjaw
-clostridium tetani
-bacteria lives in soil. Can infect wounds or cuts from hoof trimming
-muscle stiffness
-antitoxin and high doses of penicillin(often unsuccessful)
-death caused by asphyxiation when diaphragm paralyzes

Question 23

Enterotoxemia

Answer 23

-over eating disease
-caused by clostridium type C and D which are found in GI tract of ruminants
-excessive milk and high grain, stress, illness, parasites, low hay diets cause more bacteria to grow
-loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal pain
-penicillin and antitoxin