Disease List & Clinical Flashcards
What does a soft texture of a lymph node indicate?
Insignificant
Soft lymph nodes are typically not associated with serious conditions.
What texture of a lymph node is consistent with lymphoma?
Rubbery
A rubbery consistency can suggest the presence of lymphoma.
What does a fixed, firm, hard, and nontender lymph node suggest?
Malignancy or granulomatous infection
These characteristics often indicate serious underlying pathology.
What does a tender lymph node indicate?
Inflammation
Tenderness in lymph nodes is usually associated with inflammatory processes.
What is the lifetime risk of thyroid cancer in men?
0.6%
This statistic highlights the relatively low risk for men compared to women.
What is the lifetime risk of thyroid cancer in women?
1.8%
Women have a higher risk of developing thyroid cancer compared to men.
What is diffuse enlargement of the thyroid indicative of?
Grave’s disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and endemic goiter
This type of enlargement occurs without the presence of nodules.
What could a single nodule in the thyroid indicate?
Cyst, benign tumor, or malignancy
Rapid growth, hardness, or lymphadenopathy increases suspicion for malignancy.
What often causes multinodular goiter?
Iodine deficiency
Multinodular goiter is commonly seen in areas with low iodine intake.
What is the consistency of the thyroid in Graves’ disease?
Soft, possibly with a bruit
A bruit indicates increased blood flow, commonly associated with hyperthyroid conditions.
What is the consistency of the thyroid in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Firm
Firmness in the thyroid can suggest autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s.
What are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
- Nervousness
- Weight loss with increased appetite
- Sweating
- Heat intolerance
- Palpitations
- Frequent bowel movements
- Muscle weakness
- Tremor
These symptoms reflect the increased metabolic activity associated with hyperthyroidism.
What are common signs of hyperthyroidism?
- Tachycardia
- Increased systolic BP
- Decreased diastolic BP
- Warm/moist skin
- Tremor
- Lid lag
- Exophthalmos
Signs can help differentiate hyperthyroidism from other conditions.
What are common symptoms of hypothyroidism?
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Dry skin
- Cold intolerance
- Edema
- Constipation
- Muscle weakness
- Memory issues
- Hearing impairment
These symptoms are indicative of decreased metabolic function.
What are common signs of hypothyroidism?
- Bradycardia
- Hypothermia
- Decreased heart sound intensity
- Coarse skin
- Non-pitting edema
- Hair loss
- Periorbital edema
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Somnolence
These signs reflect the body’s response to low thyroid hormone levels.
What does Jugular Venous Distention (JVD) indicate?
Heart conditions
Observation for JVD is part of a comprehensive neck exam.
What characteristics are typical of benign thyroid nodules?
- Mobile
- Soft
- Without associated lymphadenopathy
These features suggest a lower likelihood of malignancy.
What characteristics are typical of malignant thyroid nodules?
- Hard
- Fixed
- Rapidly growing
- Associated with cervical lymphadenopathy
These signs raise suspicion for thyroid cancer.
What does swelling in posterior auricular and posterior cervical lymph nodes often indicate?
Infections or, rarely, malignancies
This type of adenopathy can be a response to localized infections.
What does cervical adenopathy indicate?
Infections, inflammatory conditions, or malignancies
Enlargement of cervical lymph nodes can have various underlying causes.
What is Pemberton’s sign?
Facial congestion and cyanosis when the arms are raised
This sign indicates compression of the thoracic inlet by a multinodular goiter.
A lymph node that is hard, fixed, and nontender suggests what?
Consistent with malignancy or granulomatous infection
This finding is often concerning for serious pathology.
What is the most likely diagnosis for a firm, painless nodule on the thyroid in a patient with a family history of thyroid cancer?
Thyroid cancer
Family history and radiation exposure are significant risk factors.
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with diffuse thyroid enlargement and no visible nodules?
Diffuse thyroid enlargement, possibly due to Graves’ disease
This condition often presents without nodular formation.
What thyroid condition does a soft nodule with a bruit over the lateral lobes most likely indicate?
Graves’ disease
The presence of a bruit suggests increased blood flow associated with hyperthyroidism.
