Disease Exams Flashcards by Joie Rudar

Which of the following is considered to be a chrondrodystrophic breed?

dachshund, munchkin cat, corgi

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Schiff-Sherrington posture is commonly associated with what neurological disorder?

Trauma

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How many RBC would you expect to see per mL of normal CSF

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What ticks are associated with tick paralysis

Dermacentor variablis and Dermacentor andersoni

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Megaesophagus can be linked to which of the following

lead poisoning, tick paralysis, addisons dz

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A 3 year old dog presents to your clinic a history of weight loss and regurgitation. The owner states the pet is regurgitating after every meal, as well as after drinking water. Your DVM asks you to obtain chest radiographs because he’s concerned the dog may have:

Megaesophagus

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A 1.5 year old Great Dane present with a “wobbly” gate, progressive hind limb ataxia, and atrophy of the scapular muscles. The DVM recommends cervical disc replacement as an option to treat this dogs _____

Cervical spondylomyelopathy

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Which of the following statements about deafness is false

It is not considered to be hereditary nor is it ever a congenital disease

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How should a patient with a potential spinal injury be transported to the hospital

Lying on a flat board

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What is the most common spinal cord injury

IVDD

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A _____ seizure involves increased muscular righty, and a ______ seizure involves rhythmic jerking movement

Tonic ; Clonic

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Anisocoria can be defined as:

Pupils of unequal size

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Which of the following pts would you expect to see vestibular disease occur in

9 year old lab

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Which of the following would contribute to geriatric vestibular syndrome

Otitis media

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A ______ seizure is considered a “grans meal” seizure and involve all of the body and a ____ seizure tends to appear as muscle movement of one limb or area of the body and the animal tends to remain conscious

Generalized ; focal

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This disease occurs when bacteria or fungi implant in the bones of the vertebrae and causes destruction or lysis of the vertebral end plates that can be seen on radiographs

Discospondylitis

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A 4-year old German Shorthair Pointer presents to your clinic with weight loss, fever, reluctance to move, and pain during palpation of the spine. Her owner informs you that she’s a hunting dog, and recently recovered from a grass awn abcess over her scapula. What is her most likely diagnosis?

Discospondylitis

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Which of the following options is recommended for the nursing care of a pt with head trauma

Provide adequate analgesia and oxygen therapy

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This syndrome is due to a dysfunction of the sympathetic nerves of the eyes and surrounding facial muscles and may be associated with FCE pts

Horners

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which of the following is described as ataxia and paresis resulting from spondylosis of the vertebrae

Wobbler syndrome

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A chondrodystrophic dog comes into the clinic exhibiting signs of hindlimb paresis after jumping off the bed. Due to his breed alone, you suspect he has.

IVDD

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Which of the following conditions matches a patient exhibing a head tilt, facial paresis, nystagmus, positional strabismus, and ataxia

vestibular syndrome

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A 7-month old toy poodle presents to your clinic with tetraparesis. The owner informs you that the puppy doesn’t like being patted on the head, and it often seems like the dog’s neck is painful. Cervical radiographs would most likely show:

Atlantoaxial subluxation

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A 3-year old MC DSH presents to your clinic with blood coming out of his mouth and one ear. The cat is lethargic to stuporous, and you notice anisocoria. The owner informs you that he is mostly an outdoor cat, and they have no idea what happened…they just found him that way. Without any diagnostics, you’re concerned this cat is suffering from:

Head trauma

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Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that can be given to pts to help with which of the following problems

Intracranial pressure

A 7 year old German Shepherd presents to your clinic with a history of progressive ataxia and paresis of the hind limbs. The owner became concerned when her dog could not defecate without falling over. Based on signalment and clinical signs, this dog is most likely suffering from:

Degenerative myelopathy

Which of the following may be mistaken for seizures

Syncope, feline estrus, vestibular disease

Polyradiculoneuritis is also known as

Coonhound paralysis

Which of the following is a heredity condition

megaesophagus?

Typically, coonhound paralysis is transmitted via

Raccoon bite

Tick paralysis and coonhound paralysis commonly cause

Ascending paralysis

What is the purpose of a Bailey chair

To keep an animal with Megaesophagus upright during feedings

A hemilaminectomy would be performed on a dog with

IVDD

Which of the following statements about brucellosis is true

It is a causative agent of Discospondylitis

During a Cushing reflex/response, what changes in your pts HR and BP would occur

Decreased HE, and Increased BP

Which is the correct order of changes in mentation from best to worse

Quiet, obtunded, stuporous, comatose

T/F usually, once a male recovers from an episode of FLUTD, its in the clear and changes of reoccurrence are unlikely

False

Which of the following is the correct term for increased blood potassium levels

Hyperkalemia

Which of the following statements about FLUTD is false

Most common cause of FLUTD is bacterial infection

Goals of the medical management of chronic renal disease include all of the following except

restoring loss of kidney function

Loss of voluntary control of mucturition is also known as:

Incontinence

T/F Most cases of FLUTD are considered a “sterile” cystitis, meaning there is no bacterial infection

True

Which best describes micturition

normal urination

Currently the recommended treatment for cats with FIC include

Stress reduction, nutritional management, environmental change

Pts with renal disease should be fed diets that are _______ in protein

Low

What does FIC stand for

Feline idiopathic cystitis

Diets high in animal protein may predispose the dog to what type of bladder stone

Oxalate

To evaluate urine for crystalluria

Urinalysis should be performed within 30 minutes of collection

Which of the following uroliths is radiolucent

urate

The most common type of urolith found in cats is a

Struvite

Which of the following is not a possible cause of urinary incontinence

Ectopic ureters, neurological diseases (IVDD), estrogen deficiency

Common signs of bacterial infections of the urinary tract include hematuria, pollakiura, urinatigng in inappropriate places, and which of the following

Dysuria

What is the preferred treatment for benign prostate hyperplasia

Castration

What finding on a CBC might an animal with chronic renal failure have

Anemia

What 2 lab results would be elevated in an animal that is azotemic

BUN ; Creatinine

Which of the following conditions can cause prerenal uremia

dehydration, shock, CHF

Dissolution of uroliths is a common treatment of any animal with ______ uroliths

Struvite

Normal urine output for a canine or feline pt is:

1-2mL/kg/hr

Which of the following treatments is contraindicated in an animal with a urinary obstruction

Manual expression of the bladder

Which of the following would not be a cause of acute renal failure

old age

Which of the following is not a cause for acute renal failure

Congenital disease

Estrogen related urinary incontinence is more commonly seen in which of the following

Spayed females and intact males

T/F chronic renal failure is curable disease

False

Which of the following diets can be given short term to patients to helps rapidly dissolve crystals

Hills s/d

which of the following statement is true of urinary catheterization

The catheter must be placed and handled aseptically

A blaster stone greater than 15cm is most likely a:

Struvite

Lower urinary tract infections can be caused by a variety of bacteria; the most common pathogen in small animals is Escherichia coli. Which of the following statements is true?

Bacterial infections of the bladder are common in the dog and rare in a healthy cat

Litter box management of cats with FLUTD includes

Having one litter box per cat, plus one

Roughly what percentage of blood pumped by the heart goes directly to the kidneys

25%

When pressure of the ______ is greater than that of the urethra incontinence can occur

Bladder

Urinary catheter types has a ballon on the distal end that can be filled similar to an ET tube to help hold it in place

Foley

Absence of urination

Anuria

Straining to urinate

Stranguria

Difficult urination

Dysuria

Frank blood in urine or pink-tinged urine

Hematuria

Frequent, small amounts of urination

Pollakiruria

Which of the following is a septic inflammation of the mammary gland

Mastitis

Which of the following is not a cause for gestational fetal death

Infectious tracheobronchitis

Viral vaginitis is typically associated with which of the following diseases

canine herpesvirus

Which of the following is not a cause of dystocia

Mastitis

Inappropriate maternal behavior is described as which of the following

Restlessness, constant neonatal crying, attacking/killing her young

Prostatic disease is more common in which of the following

Intact male dogs

Which of the following is the correct term for what is commonly called a “spay”

Ovariohysterectomy

How early can fetal skeletons be detected on radiographs

45 days

T/F castration is teh treatment of choice for testicular tumors

True

What is the preferred treatment of eclampsia

Calcium gluconate

T/F if more than 60 mins elapses between the production of a puppy during labor intervention should begin

True

The typical gestation period for dogs is

2 months

T/F bitches with inappropriate maternal behavior can be sued for breeding again as she will most likely calm down the future litters

False

Which of the following is a fairly common condition of prepubital bitches that can present as vulvar discharge with no evidence of a UTI

Vaginitis

Which of the following is the best treatment option for pts with prostatitis

Antibiotic therapy

Eclampsia is associated with which of the following conditions

Hypocalemia

A condition that is characterized by behavioral changes and the accumulation of fluid in the uterus and one or more corpus ultra in the ovaries is known as:

Pseudopregnancy

T/F penile tumors can be a common find in male intact dogs

False

Which of teh following is the most common bacterial cause of prostatitis

E. Coli

T/F all neoplasia of the prostate are malignant

True

Which of the following describes a pt suffering form dystocia

Hard labor for 30-60 mins with no new young

T/F puppies can still nurse from a bitch with mastitis, they should just use the non-affected nipple

True

Which of teh following is the correct term for a lack of milk production

Agalactia

Which of the following describes a pt suffering from a pyometra

Vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia

T/F a female dog can have both benign and malignant mammary tumors at the same time

True

T/F a normal sized urterus should be visiblee on a radiograph

False

Vaginal tumors are more common in cats than dogs

False

Roughly what percentage of feline mammary tumors are malignant

85%

Which of the following is the correct definition for tenemus

ineffective defecation

T/F pyometra can occur as either “open” or “closed”

True

Laryngitis

Upper respiratory tract

Kennel cough

Lower respiratory tract

Feline asthma

Lower respiratory tract

Laryngeal paralysis

Upper respiratory tract

Pneumonia

Lower respiratory tract

Feline herpesvirus

Upper resp tract

Blastomycosis

Lower resp tract

Rhinitis

Upper respiratory tract

Which respiratory disease would most likely produce crackles on auscultation

pneumonia

A five year old hunting dog from the Mississippi river valley has an exudative, serosanguineous wound that is nonresponsive to antibiotics and corticosteroid treatment. This should alert the clinician to the possibility of what type of problem?

Fungal

Which of the following terms is used to describe a high-pitched, discontinuous inspiratory sound associated with the reopening of airways that closed during expiration?

crackle

Which of the following is the most important first step when a dyspneic patient presents to the veterinary hospital?

Stabilize the pt before performing any diagnostic tests

Hypoxemia is defines as:

Low blood oxygen levels

Which of these is not a typical clinical sign associated with upper respiratory tract disease

Coughing

If the carbon dioxide level in the blood decreases, the pH usually ______ and respiration _______

rises ; decreases

Which of the following is a technique used to help loosen purple t material within the pulmonary system

Coupage

Brachycephalic airway syndrome includes

Stenotic nares and elongated soft palate

A chest tube is placed when an animal has:

pneumothorax

Which of the following are abnormal lung sounds heard in the asthmatic feline pt on auscultation of the lower respiratory system

wheezes

A collection of blood in the cranial portion of the ventral cavity is known as:

Hemothroax

Clear fluid removed from the thoracic cavity is known as:

pleural effusion

If you were to perform a BAL on an asthmatic pt. Which white blood cell would you expect to find an elevated number or

Eosinophil

Coupage is contraindicated pts that have

Fractured ribs

2 most common feline viral respiratory infections are

Herpesvirus and calicivirus

Which of the following breeds are you most likely to see laryngeal paralysis in

Lab

If you are going to got take radiographs on a pt to look for respiratory disease how many views should be taken

Tension pneumothorax occurs when pressure in the thoracic cavity is

greater than atmospheric pressure

Conditions that may induce a coughing reflex include all of the following except

Intestinal foreign body

Which of the following is an acceptable method of making food more palatable to the pet

Warming the food

Term for air in the thoracic cavity

Pneumothorax

Infection that causes lung inflammation

Pneumonia

Cloudy fluid in the thoracic cavity that can be white to pink/purple

Chylothorax

Excess fluid in the lungs

Pulmonary edema

General term for fluid in the thoracic cavity

Pleural effusion

Purple t fluid in the thoracic cavity

Prothorax

Blood in the thoracic cavity

Hemothorax

The most common systemic mycotic disease in cats caused by

Cryptococcus

What is the most systemic mycosis in the cat

Cryptococcosis

Which of the following is the cause for infectious canine tracheobronchitis

all options are correct - reovirus, canine adenovirus, bordetella bronchiseptica

Blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, and histoplasmosis are all types of ______ disease seen in dogs and cats

Fungal

Collapsing trachea is most often seen in

Yorkshire terrier

To perform Coupage, cupped hand should be used to tap firmly on the chest wall starting

Caudally and working forward

Which of the following is not a fungal disease of the respiratory tract

Mycoplasma

Asthma most commonly affects which species

Feline

Most common route of infection for mycotic disease is

Inhalation

Which of the following is likely a cause for feline asthma

chronic airway inflammation and allergies

Which fungal infection resides predominantly in the nasal passages of the dog and eats away at the nasal turbinates

Aspergillosis

Which of the following are you most likely to see chylothorax in

domestic shorthair

Which of the following diseases exhibit coughing, fever, and mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge

canine distemper

Which feline viral respiratory infection is highly resistant to disinfectants and can live in the environment for several days

Calicivirus