Discourse Structure🍐 Flashcards
Discourse markers
Words used to signpost that what is said can be followed by the listener or reader
Adjacency pairs
When speech is linked systematically together when you have two or more people speaking together
Cohesive markers
A type of discourse marker that reflects chronology
Anaphoric reference
When a word in a text refers back to other ideas in the text
Cataphoric reference
When the antecedent noun comes after the pronouns used
Overlap
When the listener uses minimal responses to show understanding or that they are listening
Interruption
When the listener talks over the speaker
Non-fluency features
Include false starts, repetition, fillers, pauses, elision, overlap and interruptions
Anecdote
Story telling
Quotatives
When telling anecdotes, using phrases such as ‘I was like’, ‘she went’, ‘so I go’, etc.
False starts/interrupted constructions
Reformulating sentences
Broken discourse
Text structure is disconnected
Conditional clauses
Clauses that begin with ‘if’ or ‘unless’
Relative clauses
A type of subordinate clause which uses who, that or which
Pre-closing sequences
The utterances before the valediction in a telephone conversation
Enumeration
Numbers and bullet points
Phatic tokens
Ways of showing status by orienting comments to oneself, to the other, or to the general situation.
Types of phatic talk
Self-oriented
Phatic tokens are personal to the speaker
E.g. ‘I’m not up to this’
Other-oriented
Phatic tokens are related to the hearer
E.g. ‘do you work here?’
Neutral
Phatic tokens refer to the context or general state of affairs
E.g. ‘cold, isn’t it?’
Expositions
The opening of stories
Intertextuality
Where one text is influenced by another or a text mentions another
Chiasmus
A parallel expression that creates a rhythmic discourse
E.g. never let a fool kiss you and never let a kiss fool you
Translation (intertextuality)
Translating work from one language to another
Plagiarism (intertextuality)
When a writer will use it very closely copy the language/work of others without citing or quoting them, thus claiming it as their own work
Quotation (intertextuality)
Repetition of one expression as part of another one
Allusion (intertextuality)
A reference to something well-known, such as a person, place, event, story, work of art, literature, music, or pop culture
Parody (intertextuality)
Mocks another text for comic value, for an entertaining purpose.
Creates shared knowledge.
Often uses texts/videos under media attention.
Pastiche (intertextuality)
Imitates the style of character of one or more artists.
E.g. song covers
What is the common theme of the types of intertextuality?
They create a shared knowledge with the reader
Cohesive devices
Words which signal discourse
E.g. firstly, secondly, next
