Disaster Risk Flashcards
a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property
Disaster
a preceding definition of disaster stresses that two elements are affected:
life and property
Disasters are often the result of the combination of:
the exposure to a hazard, the conditions of vulnerability, insufficient capacity to cope
caused by natural forces. They can be classified as rapid onset, such as droughts that lead to famine.
Natural disasters
disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or unintentional human actions.
Man-made
unregulated industrialized and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters
Technological/industrial disasters
the threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction
Terrorism/violence
usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. In such a situation, large numbers if people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure
Complex humanitarian emergencies
Sub categories of man made disasters
- Technological/industrial disasters
- Terrorism/violence
- Complex humanitarian emergencies
defined as the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. Usually associated with the degree to which humans cannot cope with a situation.
Risk
refers to the potential disaster losses which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period. It is the product of the possible damage caused by a hazard due to the vulnerability of a community
Disaster risk
Disaster risk can be determined by the presence of three variables:
hazards, vulnerability to a hazard, and coping capacity and resilience to the vulnerability of a community
or “an act strengthening the Philippines disaster risk reduction and management system, providing for the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds, therefore and other purposes” was passed and approved on May 27, 2021 after 21 years of revisions
Republic act 10121
a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes
Ring of fire
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress
Calamity
largest and deepest of Earth’s oceanic divisions
Pacific ocean
type of tropical cyclone, or severe tropical storm
Typhoon
a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces (earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricane, fires, tornadoes, and extreme temperature)
Natural disasters
a sudden or great misfortune or failure
Destruction
caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or unintentional human actions
Man made disaster
the elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event
Exposure
a potentially dangerous physical occurrence, phenomenon or human activity that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.
Hazard
the condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
Vulnerability
which measures those who experience disaster first-
hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problem, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through the news
Severity of exposure
the female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain.
Gender and Family
adults in the age range of 40-60 are more stressed after disasters but in general. children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do.
Age
evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines. Furthermore, it has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than do man-caused disasters in developed countries.
Economic status of country
Also taken into consideration when Risk factors underlying a disaster are involved
- Severity of exposure
- Gender and Family
- Age
- Economic status of country
can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.
Climate Change
changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards.
Environmental Degradation
It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale.
Globalized Economic Development
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures.
Poverty and Inequality
A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge.
Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development
_ zones are investment environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
Weak Governance
Factors which underlie disasters
- Climate Change
- Environmental Degradation
- Globalized Economic Development
- Poverty and Inequality
- Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development
- Weak Governance
The elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event
Exposure
these are processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity
Risk factor
the conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
Vulnerability
damage to public and private infrastructure
Infrastructure damage -
many people must abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions which may cause large influx of refugees that disrupt accessibility of health care and education
Potential displacement
can only be considered a disaster once it affected humans
Hazard
is an event that harms humans and disrupts the operations of society
Disaster
The human effect of natural and man-made disasters
Displaced populations
Health risks -
Food scarcity -
Emotional aftershocks
Collective term used for the condition of people who develop stress reaction that negatively affect their physical and mental behavior after suffering from a disaster
emotional aftershock
What do you call the effect of a disaster that causes a group of people forced to leave their homes
displaced population
What effect of disaster refers to the shortage of sustenance among people
food scarcity
are the most visible and quantifiable effects of a disaster.
Physical perspective
From this view disasters is defined as a phenomenon that can cause damage to the physical elements such as buildings, infrastructures, including people and their properties,
Physical perspective
In this context a disaster is regarded as an occurrence involving an unexpected or uncontrollable event rather than a long-term experience.
Psychological perspective
one very important component of the recovery phase, aside from relief services,
debriefing of the psychological support system.
Types of psychological effects
Emotional effects
Cognitive effects
Physical effects
Interpersonal effects
What the people living at risk know and do about natural hazards and disaster risks is mediated by a range of factors including social conditions
Socio-cultural perspective
can be defined as a natural event that causes a perturbation to the functioning of the economic system, with a significant negative impact on assets, production factors, output, employment, and consumption.
Economic perspective
One salient component of assessing the impact of disaster impact from the economic perspective is
defining direct economic cost and indirect losses.
From this view, natural disasters are commonly thought to be less politically contentious than armed conflicts. Yet, a closer look reveals that politics are deeply wedded to both the impact of a natural disaster and the subsequent delivery of humanitarian assistance.
Political perspective
Disasters are not random and do not occur by accident. They are the convergence of hazards and vulnerable conditions. Disasters not only reveal underlying social, economic, political, and environment problems, but unfortunately contribute to worsening them. Such events pose serious challenges to development, as they erode hard-earned gains in terms of political, social and educational progress, as well as infrastructure and technological development.
Environmental perspective
perspective that stressed on the significance of culture in developing a disaster resilient personality among the inhabitants in a certain community is called _
Socio-cultural
A perspective of a disaster that shows how the government assess, manage, and mitigate the effects of a disaster is _
Economic
The spread of disease throughout a country or the whole world is called _
Pandemic
An incidence of communicable disease in a community at a particular time is known as
Epidemic
The perspective of disasters that is normally left untreated
Psychological perspective
It is important that you are prepared for potential disasters depending on your location.
Preparedness
defined as “the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard”.
Vulnerability
Demographic factors
- Population Density
- Age of Population
3.: Distribution of population
Socio economic factors
- Wealth
- Education
- Nature of pf society
- Understanding of the area
Community Preparedness
- Building Codes
- Scientific monitoring and early warning systems
- Communication works
- Emergency Planning
Dealing with the after effects
- Insurance cover
- Emergency Personnel
- Aid Request
Outside help in the form of humanitarian aid is necessary during disaster.
Aid Request
