Biology 2

Question 1

The scientific study of genes and how they affect heredity and how genes are acquired and passed on from one generation to the next

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Units of heredity composed of DNA molecules that are transferred from parent to offspring

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

Discovered the basic principles of genetics through garden pea experiment

Answer 3

Gregor Johannes Mendel

Question 4

Gregor Johannes Mendel was the father of _

Answer 4

Modern genetics

Question 5

Law of inheritance

Answer 5

Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment

Question 6

What is an example of character

Answer 6

Flower color

Question 7

What is an example of trait

Answer 7

Purple flower color, white flower color

Question 8

Sperm producing organ

Answer 8

Stamen

Question 9

Egg producing organ

Answer 9

Carpel

Question 10

fertilization between different plants. Involves dusting one plant with pollen from another

Answer 10

Cross pollination

Question 11

plants that produce offspring if the same variety when they self-pollinate

Answer 11

True-breeding plants

Question 12

breeding contrasting true-breeding varieties

Answer 12

Hybridization

Question 13

true-breeding parents

Answer 13

P generation

Question 14

hybrid offspring of the P generation

Answer 14

F1 generation

Question 15

one or two more alternative forms of a gene (usually represented by letters)

Answer 15

Allele

Question 16

trait that is expressed

Answer 16

Dominant trait

Question 17

first filial or first generation of offspring

Answer 17

F1 generation

Question 18

second filial generation produced by interbreeding individuals of the F1 generation

Answer 18

F2 generation

Question 19

reproductive or sex cell (the sperm/the egg)

Answer 19

Gamete

Question 20

genetic composition of an individual

Answer 20

Genotype

Question 21

organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait (Bb)

Answer 21

Heterozygous

Question 22

organisms that have two identifiable alleles for a particular trait (BB/bb)

Answer 22

Homozygous

Question 23

observable characteristics of an individual

Answer 23

Phenotype

Question 24

diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

Answer 24

Punnett square

Question 25

trait that is masked in the presence of a dominant trait

Answer 25

Recessive trait

Question 26

the branch of mathematics that explains the likelihood that a particular event will occur

Answer 26

Probability

Question 27

a cross between parents that differ in one trait

Answer 27

Monohybrid cross

Question 28

in a _ gametes produced by the parents are written on the outer side of the square and the possible gene combinations are represented inside the square

Answer 28

punnett square,

Question 29

this law states that alleles segregate independently during the formation of gamete. The genes do not influence one another on how they are sorted

Answer 29

Law of independent assortment

Question 30

this law describes what happens to the alleles during the formation of gametes. According to this law, an individual has a pair of alleles for each trait. During gamete formation, the alleles in the pair separate, such that each gamete receives only one allele for the trait

Answer 30

Law of segregation

Question 31

a trait is said to be dominant if it is expressed in spite of the presence of another allele. An organism with a dominant allele for a certain trait will always express that trait. However, an organism with a recessive allele for a particular trait will express that trait only if the dominant allele is not present

Answer 31

Law of dominance

Question 32

the formation of sex cells and egg cells

Answer 32

Gametogenesis

Question 33

happens when one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele

Answer 33

Incomplete dominance

Question 34

both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Answer 34

Co dominance

Question 35

Often shows a heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes

Answer 35

Incomplete dominance

Question 36

This type of inheritance involves two or more phenotypes for a particular trait, which happens when an organism has more than two alleles for the trait

Answer 36

Multiple alleles

Question 37

Brown

Answer 37

wild

Question 38

black tipped white fur

Answer 38

Chinchilla

Question 39

white fur with black paws, nose, ear, tail

Answer 39

Himalayan

Question 40

white fur

Answer 40

Albino