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3rd grading > Biology 2 > Flashcards

Biology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of genes and how they affect heredity and how genes are acquired and passed on from one generation to the next

A

Genetics

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2
Q

Units of heredity composed of DNA molecules that are transferred from parent to offspring

A

Genes

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3
Q

Discovered the basic principles of genetics through garden pea experiment

A

Gregor Johannes Mendel

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4
Q

Gregor Johannes Mendel was the father of _

A

Modern genetics

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5
Q

Law of inheritance

A

Law of Dominance
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment

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6
Q

What is an example of character

A

Flower color

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7
Q

What is an example of trait

A

Purple flower color, white flower color

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8
Q

Sperm producing organ

A

Stamen

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9
Q

Egg producing organ

A

Carpel

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10
Q

fertilization between different plants. Involves dusting one plant with pollen from another

A

Cross pollination

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11
Q

plants that produce offspring if the same variety when they self-pollinate

A

True-breeding plants

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12
Q

breeding contrasting true-breeding varieties

A

Hybridization

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13
Q

true-breeding parents

A

P generation

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14
Q

hybrid offspring of the P generation

A

F1 generation

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15
Q

one or two more alternative forms of a gene (usually represented by letters)

A

Allele

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16
Q

trait that is expressed

A

Dominant trait

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17
Q

first filial or first generation of offspring

A

F1 generation

18
Q

second filial generation produced by interbreeding individuals of the F1 generation

A

F2 generation

19
Q

reproductive or sex cell (the sperm/the egg)

A

Gamete

20
Q

genetic composition of an individual

A

Genotype

21
Q

organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait (Bb)

A

Heterozygous

22
Q

organisms that have two identifiable alleles for a particular trait (BB/bb)

A

Homozygous

23
Q

observable characteristics of an individual

A

Phenotype

24
Q

diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

A

Punnett square

25
Q

trait that is masked in the presence of a dominant trait

A

Recessive trait

26
Q

the branch of mathematics that explains the likelihood that a particular event will occur

A

Probability

27
Q

a cross between parents that differ in one trait

A

Monohybrid cross

28
Q

in a _ gametes produced by the parents are written on the outer side of the square and the possible gene combinations are represented inside the square

A

punnett square,

29
Q

this law states that alleles segregate independently during the formation of gamete. The genes do not influence one another on how they are sorted

A

Law of independent assortment

30
Q

this law describes what happens to the alleles during the formation of gametes. According to this law, an individual has a pair of alleles for each trait. During gamete formation, the alleles in the pair separate, such that each gamete receives only one allele for the trait

A

Law of segregation

31
Q

a trait is said to be dominant if it is expressed in spite of the presence of another allele. An organism with a dominant allele for a certain trait will always express that trait. However, an organism with a recessive allele for a particular trait will express that trait only if the dominant allele is not present

A

Law of dominance

32
Q

the formation of sex cells and egg cells

A

Gametogenesis

33
Q

happens when one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele

A

Incomplete dominance

34
Q

both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism

A

Co dominance

35
Q

Often shows a heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes

A

Incomplete dominance

36
Q

This type of inheritance involves two or more phenotypes for a particular trait, which happens when an organism has more than two alleles for the trait

A

Multiple alleles

37
Q

Brown

A

wild

38
Q

black tipped white fur

A

Chinchilla

39
Q

white fur with black paws, nose, ear, tail

A

Himalayan

40
Q

white fur

A

Albino

3rd grading (7 decks)

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