disadvantage of the two process model Flashcards
1
Q
Name one disadvantage of the two process model?
A
it has an incomplete explanation
2
Q
how would you elaborate on your first disadvantage of the two process model?
A
- If the neutral stimulus is associated with a fearful experience the result should be a phobia (this does not always happen)
- Di Nardo et al, 1998 found research that stated not everyone bitten by a dog develops a phobia which is demonstrated through the diathesis-stress model
This is a disadvantage as this behavioural explanation is not complete on its own.
3
Q
Name a second disadvantage of the two process model
A
The two process model ignores cognitive factors
4
Q
How would you elaborate your second disadvantage
A
- another alternative explanation would be the cognitive approach which argues that the thinking processes (irrational thoughts) that occurs between a stimulus and a response are accountable for the feeling element of the response
- Tomarken et al presented a series of slides of snake neutral images (trees) to phobic and non phobic participants. The phobic tended to visualise and overestimate the number of snake images presented
- ignoring the role of cognition is problematic as irrational thinking is a key feature of phobias
5
Q
Name a final disadvantage of the two process model
A
The idea that phobias do not always develop after a traumatic incident may be explained in terms of biological prepardness.
6
Q
How would you elaborate on your final disadvantage?
A
- Martin Seligman in the 1970s argued that animals, including humans are genetically programmed to rapidly learn an association with potentially life-threatening stimuli and fear (ancient fears)
- it would have been adaptive to rapidly learn to avoid such stimuli (behavioural characteristics)
- this could explain why people are less likely to develop a fear of modern objects (they were not a danger in the past)
- this means that the behavioural approach does not explain all phobias
