Dinosaur Origins

Question 1

what is the one feature that define anapsids

Answer 1

they are amniotes that completely lack fenestrae

Question 2

true or false - snakes are anapsids

Answer 2

false - modern turtles are an example of anapsids

Question 3

what is the features defines syanpsids

Answer 3

amniotes that have a fenestrae on each lateral side of the skull

Question 4

true or false - mammals are synapsids

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what type of amniote was a Dimetrodon

Answer 5

syanpsid

Question 6

which period, era or eon did the Dimetrodon live through

Answer 6

Permian period

Question 7

is an Eoraptor a diapsid or synapsid

Answer 7

diapsid

Question 8

diapsids have one or two fenestrae and they are located ____

Answer 8

two fenestrae - one set on the lateral sides and one set on the top surfaces

Question 9

diapsids are divided into what two groups

Answer 9

lepidosauromorphs and archosauromorphs

Question 10

what is the one feature that differentiates the two groups of diapsids

Answer 10

lepidosauromorphs - no additional fenestrae
archosauromorphs - have an additional fenestrae in the lower jaw

Question 11

list some examples of archosauromorphs

Answer 11

crocodilians, birds, pterosaurs and dinosaurs

Question 12

list some examples of lepidosauromorphs

Answer 12

lizards, snakes and tuataras

Question 13

what is the name of the additional fenestrae found in the lower jaw

Answer 13

mandibular fenestrae

Question 14

modern crocodilians lost which fenestrae

Answer 14

antorbital fenestrae

Question 15

what belongs to the avemetatarsalians group

Answer 15

dinosaurs and pterosaurs

Question 16

list the important features that define the avemetatarsalians

Answer 16

they have ankles that flex like ahinge
-> support their weight while running ->< walking on upright limbs

Question 17

other than the avemetatarsalians, what is another main lineage from the archosaurs

Answer 17

pseudosuchian archosaurs

Question 18

what is an example of a modern animal from the pseudosuchian archosaurs

Answer 18

crocodiles

Question 19

describe the environment of Pangea

Answer 19

arid interior
rapidly fluctuating temperatures

Question 20

what were the first group of amniotes to evolve large body size across Pangea

Answer 20

synapsids

Question 21

what were the top synapsid predators
a) dicynodonts
b) gorgonopsids
c) pseudosuchians

Answer 21

b

Question 22

what were the top synapsid herbivores
a) dicynodonts
b) gorgonopsids
c) pseudosuchians

Answer 22

a

Question 23

______ would go on to evolve into true mammals

Answer 23

cynodonts

Question 24

what did cynodonts look like in their early forms

Answer 24

short legged dogs

Question 25

what was the most devastating extinction event in history of life

Answer 25

end Permian mass extinction

Question 26

Which huge lava deposits represent the long-lasting eruptions that may have caused the end-Permian mass extinction?

Answer 26

Siberian traps

Question 27

which synapsids rebounded from the end-Permian mass extinction?

Answer 27

cynodonts and dicynodonts

Question 28

Which group in the Triassic was a lineage that would later go on to evolve into modern crocodilians?

Answer 28

archosaurs, more specifically pseudosuchians

Question 29

Which pseudosuchians of the triassic were semiaquatic predators?

Answer 29

phytosaurs

Question 30

Which psuedosuchians of the triassic were heavily armored and herbivorous?

Answer 30

aetosaurs

Question 31

Which psuedosuchians of the triassic were terrestrial predators with upright limb posture?

Answer 31

rauisuchids and prestosuchians

Question 32

Which psuedosuchians of the triassic were sail-backs? Which synapsid does it demonstrate convergent evolution with?

Answer 32

- poposauroids - Dimetrodon

Question 33

What are dinosauromorphs? What is a unique characteristic?

Answer 33

- earliest dinosaur-like archosaurs (NOT dinosaurs) - lacked hip socket with a hole through it (unlike dinosauria)

Question 34

Where does the best record of early dinosaur bones come from?

Answer 34

Argentina

Question 35

what are examples of early carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs found in Argentina?

Answer 35

Eoraptor, Eodromaeus, Herrerasaurus, Panphagia

Question 36

What is an example of early herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur?

Answer 36

Pisanosaurus

Question 37

During the triassic, were carnivores or herbivores more diverse?

Answer 37

carnivores

Question 38

Eoraptor, Eodromaeus, Pnaphagia, and Pisanosaurus are relatively _________ in comparison to Herrerasaurus. (small/large)

Answer 38

small

Question 39

What modern animal is the Herrerasaurus' size comoarable to?

Answer 39

tiger

Question 40

WHat wolf-sized Triassic theropod has been found in large bonebeds in New Mexico?

Answer 40

Coelophysis

Question 41

When did prosauropods evolve?

Answer 41

late in the Triassic

Question 42

What is the best known prosauropod (weighed more than 3 tons)?

Answer 42

Plateosaurus

Question 43

Which group of dinosaurs were the largest herbivores that had ever evolved in the Triassic?

Answer 43

prosauropods

Question 44

What main group went extinct at the end of the Triassic?

Answer 44

pseudosuchians (NOT DINOSAURS)

Question 45

When was the true Age of Dinosaurs?

Answer 45

Jurassic