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PALEO 200 > Dinosaur Origins > Flashcards

Dinosaur Origins Flashcards

1
Q

what is the one feature that define anapsids

A

they are amniotes that completely lack fenestrae

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2
Q

true or false - snakes are anapsids

A

false - modern turtles are an example of anapsids

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3
Q

what is the features defines syanpsids

A

amniotes that have a fenestrae on each lateral side of the skull

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4
Q

true or false - mammals are synapsids

A

true

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5
Q

what type of amniote was a Dimetrodon

A

syanpsid

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6
Q

which period, era or eon did the Dimetrodon live through

A

Permian period

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7
Q

is an Eoraptor a diapsid or synapsid

A

diapsid

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8
Q

diapsids have one or two fenestrae and they are located ____

A

two fenestrae - one set on the lateral sides and one set on the top surfaces

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9
Q

diapsids are divided into what two groups

A

lepidosauromorphs and archosauromorphs

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10
Q

what is the one feature that differentiates the two groups of diapsids

A

lepidosauromorphs - no additional fenestrae
archosauromorphs - have an additional fenestrae in the lower jaw

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11
Q

list some examples of archosauromorphs

A

crocodilians, birds, pterosaurs and dinosaurs

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12
Q

list some examples of lepidosauromorphs

A

lizards, snakes and tuataras

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13
Q

what is the name of the additional fenestrae found in the lower jaw

A

mandibular fenestrae

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14
Q

modern crocodilians lost which fenestrae

A

antorbital fenestrae

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15
Q

what belongs to the avemetatarsalians group

A

dinosaurs and pterosaurs

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16
Q

list the important features that define the avemetatarsalians

A

they have ankles that flex like ahinge
-> support their weight while running ->< walking on upright limbs

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17
Q

other than the avemetatarsalians, what is another main lineage from the archosaurs

A

pseudosuchian archosaurs

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18
Q

what is an example of a modern animal from the pseudosuchian archosaurs

A

crocodiles

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19
Q

describe the environment of Pangea

A

arid interior
rapidly fluctuating temperatures

20
Q

what were the first group of amniotes to evolve large body size across Pangea

A

synapsids

21
Q

what were the top synapsid predators
a) dicynodonts
b) gorgonopsids
c) pseudosuchians

A

b

22
Q

what were the top synapsid herbivores
a) dicynodonts
b) gorgonopsids
c) pseudosuchians

A

a

23
Q

______ would go on to evolve into true mammals

A

cynodonts

24
Q

what did cynodonts look like in their early forms

A

short legged dogs

25
Q

what was the most devastating extinction event in history of life

A

end Permian mass extinction

26
Q

Which huge lava deposits represent the long-lasting eruptions that may have caused the end-Permian mass extinction?

A

Siberian traps

27
Q

which synapsids rebounded from the end-Permian mass extinction?

A

cynodonts and dicynodonts

28
Q

Which group in the Triassic was a lineage that would later go on to evolve into modern crocodilians?

A

archosaurs, more specifically pseudosuchians

29
Q

Which pseudosuchians of the triassic were semiaquatic predators?

A

phytosaurs

30
Q

Which psuedosuchians of the triassic were heavily armored and herbivorous?

A

aetosaurs

31
Q

Which psuedosuchians of the triassic were terrestrial predators with upright limb posture?

A

rauisuchids and prestosuchians

32
Q

Which psuedosuchians of the triassic were sail-backs? Which synapsid does it demonstrate convergent evolution with?

A
  • poposauroids
  • Dimetrodon
33
Q

What are dinosauromorphs? What is a unique characteristic?

A
  • earliest dinosaur-like archosaurs (NOT dinosaurs)
  • lacked hip socket with a hole through it (unlike dinosauria)
34
Q

Where does the best record of early dinosaur bones come from?

A

Argentina

35
Q

what are examples of early carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs found in Argentina?

A

Eoraptor, Eodromaeus, Herrerasaurus, Panphagia

36
Q

What is an example of early herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur?

A

Pisanosaurus

37
Q

During the triassic, were carnivores or herbivores more diverse?

A

carnivores

38
Q

Eoraptor, Eodromaeus, Pnaphagia, and Pisanosaurus are relatively _________ in comparison to Herrerasaurus. (small/large)

A

small

39
Q

What modern animal is the Herrerasaurus’ size comoarable to?

A

tiger

40
Q

WHat wolf-sized Triassic theropod has been found in large bonebeds in New Mexico?

A

Coelophysis

41
Q

When did prosauropods evolve?

A

late in the Triassic

42
Q

What is the best known prosauropod (weighed more than 3 tons)?

A

Plateosaurus

43
Q

Which group of dinosaurs were the largest herbivores that had ever evolved in the Triassic?

A

prosauropods

44
Q

What main group went extinct at the end of the Triassic?

A

pseudosuchians (NOT DINOSAURS)

45
Q

When was the true Age of Dinosaurs?

A

Jurassic

PALEO 200 (13 decks)

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