Attack and Defence

Question 1

what structure is a common strategy used by modern animals

Answer 1

having horns and spikes

Question 2

define deterrents

Answer 2

they are a body part that discourages predators from choosing to attack in the first place

Question 3

give examples of deterrents

Answer 3

shell of a turtle that can make it difficult to eat

Question 4

true or false - sauropods have horns and armour

Answer 4

false

Question 5

what is a modern animal that the giant sauropod is similar to

Answer 5

elephants

Question 6

what is the term given to limbs that are adapted for running

Answer 6

cursorial limbs

Question 7

what are examples of dinosaurs with cursorial limbs

Answer 7

ornithomimids and small ornithopods

Question 8

____ in a carnivore can be seen as a predatory adaptation

Answer 8

long limbs

Question 9

define crypsis and give examples of cryptic adaptation

Answer 9

ability to avoid detection/being seen by predators
examples - camouflage color patterns, hiding behaviors and odor masking chemicals

Question 10

true or false - large herbivorous dinosaurs only use crypsis as the sole predator defense

Answer 10

false

Question 11

what are some features that modern animals use to scare predators away or label themselves as dangerous

Answer 11

bright colors or false eyes

Question 12

describe finite element analysis

Answer 12

technique used to help evaluate hypothesis about the functions of many dinosaur adaptations; apply material properties to a digital object that will then report data on how stresses are dispersed through the object, when a force is applied

Question 13

what recent finite analsysis did U of A researchers make

Answer 13

tail cubs of ankylosaurs were used as weapons therefore, the tail cubs were able to withstand large impact forces without breaking

Question 14

what dinosaur was digitally scanned to prove the finite analysis made by the U of A

Answer 14

Euplocephalus

Question 15

eye size can be estimated from the size of ____ and strength of hearing can be determined from _____

Answer 15

size of orbits; inner ear cavity of the skull

Question 16

where are they eyes positioned on herbivores and why

Answer 16

sides of the head because it prevents the field of vision of one eye from overlapping with the field of vision for the other eye

Question 17

where are the eyes positioned on predators and why

Answer 17

they have eyes positioned near each other and forward; allows the field of visions of both eyes to overlap and provides predator stereoscopic vision

Question 18

____ ____ allows an animal to see the same object with both eyes and see it from different angles, improving judgement of depth

a) finite vision
b) stereoscopic vision
c) combat vision

Answer 18

b

Question 19

other than predators, who else benefits from stereoscopic vision

Answer 19

animals that fly and climb

Question 20

explain the hunting strategies of both wolves and crocodiles

Answer 20

crocodiles are ambush predators which lie and wait until the prey comes closer, then it lunges and kills them

wolves pursue prey over long distances and use their endurance to tire the prey out

Question 21

true or false - predators only hunt alone

Answer 21

false - they hunt alone and in groups

Question 22

tigers are

a) solitary hunters
b) cooperative hunters
c) isolated hunters

Answer 22

a)

Question 23

lions are

a) solitary hunters
b) cooperative hunters
c) isolated hunters

Answer 23

b)

Question 24

what is the important discovery at the Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park and what did they theorize

Answer 24

a bonebed of tyrannosaurid therapod Albertasaurus
-> tells us that Albertasaurus may have lived in groups rather than on their own

Question 25

what contradicts the idea that Albertasaurus lived in groups

Answer 25

the taphonomic and geological evidence at the Dry Island suggests they lived solitary but were all exposed to a catastrophy together

Question 26

therapods are
a) social hunters
b) solitary hunters

Answer 26

a

Question 27

explain the Fighting Dinosaurs

Answer 27

preserves a Velociraptor and Proceratops fighting with each other. It is a the best snapshot of a Velociraptor killing Proceratops with the use of sickle shaped toes
-> Velociraptor might be a solitary hunter based on this

Question 28

a Velociraptor is
a) ceratopsian
b) theropod
c) sauropod

Answer 28

b