Attack and Defence Flashcards
what structure is a common strategy used by modern animals
having horns and spikes
define deterrents
they are a body part that discourages predators from choosing to attack in the first place
give examples of deterrents
shell of a turtle that can make it difficult to eat
true or false - sauropods have horns and armour
false
what is a modern animal that the giant sauropod is similar to
elephants
what is the term given to limbs that are adapted for running
cursorial limbs
what are examples of dinosaurs with cursorial limbs
ornithomimids and small ornithopods
____ in a carnivore can be seen as a predatory adaptation
long limbs
define crypsis and give examples of cryptic adaptation
ability to avoid detection/being seen by predators
examples - camouflage color patterns, hiding behaviors and odor masking chemicals
true or false - large herbivorous dinosaurs only use crypsis as the sole predator defense
false
what are some features that modern animals use to scare predators away or label themselves as dangerous
bright colors or false eyes
describe finite element analysis
technique used to help evaluate hypothesis about the functions of many dinosaur adaptations; apply material properties to a digital object that will then report data on how stresses are dispersed through the object, when a force is applied
what recent finite analsysis did U of A researchers make
tail cubs of ankylosaurs were used as weapons therefore, the tail cubs were able to withstand large impact forces without breaking
what dinosaur was digitally scanned to prove the finite analysis made by the U of A
Euplocephalus
eye size can be estimated from the size of ____ and strength of hearing can be determined from _____
size of orbits; inner ear cavity of the skull
where are they eyes positioned on herbivores and why
sides of the head because it prevents the field of vision of one eye from overlapping with the field of vision for the other eye
where are the eyes positioned on predators and why
they have eyes positioned near each other and forward; allows the field of visions of both eyes to overlap and provides predator stereoscopic vision
____ ____ allows an animal to see the same object with both eyes and see it from different angles, improving judgement of depth
a) finite vision
b) stereoscopic vision
c) combat vision
b
other than predators, who else benefits from stereoscopic vision
animals that fly and climb
explain the hunting strategies of both wolves and crocodiles
crocodiles are ambush predators which lie and wait until the prey comes closer, then it lunges and kills them
wolves pursue prey over long distances and use their endurance to tire the prey out
true or false - predators only hunt alone
false - they hunt alone and in groups
tigers are
a) solitary hunters
b) cooperative hunters
c) isolated hunters
a)
lions are
a) solitary hunters
b) cooperative hunters
c) isolated hunters
b)
what is the important discovery at the Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park and what did they theorize
a bonebed of tyrannosaurid therapod Albertasaurus
-> tells us that Albertasaurus may have lived in groups rather than on their own
what contradicts the idea that Albertasaurus lived in groups
the taphonomic and geological evidence at the Dry Island suggests they lived solitary but were all exposed to a catastrophy together
therapods are
a) social hunters
b) solitary hunters
a
explain the Fighting Dinosaurs
preserves a Velociraptor and Proceratops fighting with each other. It is a the best snapshot of a Velociraptor killing Proceratops with the use of sickle shaped toes
-> Velociraptor might be a solitary hunter based on this
a Velociraptor is
a) ceratopsian
b) theropod
c) sauropod
b
