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ECHO 325 > Dilated And Hypertrophic CMO > Flashcards

Dilated And Hypertrophic CMO Flashcards

1
Q

All cariomyopathies are classified according to what 2 things

A

Physiology (1st)

Ethology (2nd)

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2
Q

Primary disease of the myocardium excluding myocardial dysfunction due to ischemia or chronic valvular disease

A

cadiomyopathy

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3
Q

Cardiomyopathy where all four chambers of the heart are enlarged

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

They impaired LV and RV systolic function in DCMO will cause what

A

Reduced CO

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5
Q

The diastolic dysfunction in DCMO will cause what

A

Elevated end diastolic LV pressure

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6
Q

Infectious causes of DCMO

A

Viral myocarditis
Parasites
AIDS

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7
Q

Toxic causes of DCMO

A

Alcohol
Chemo
Drugs

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8
Q

Endocrine causes of DCMO

A

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Phenochromocytoma

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9
Q

8 causes of DCMO

A 
Infectious
Toxic
Peripartum
Metabolic
Genetic
Endocrine
Idiopathic
Stress induced
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10
Q

What will the QRS complex look like with DCMO

A

Large

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11
Q

What will you see on the ECG with DCMO

A

Sinus tachycardia

Conduction defects

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12
Q

What dietary changes can you make when you have DCMO

A

Restrict salt

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13
Q

What two things need to be ruled out when looking for causes of LV and RV dysfunction with DCMO

A

Valvular disease

Ischemic disease

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14
Q

The B bump is caused by what in a M-mode tracing

A

High LVEDP

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15
Q

What is a abnormal EPSS

A

> 7mm

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16
Q

A >20mm EPSS with = what EF

A

<30%

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17
Q

What is a abnormal sphericity index

A

> 0.76

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18
Q

EF, FS, and CO will be increased of decreased with DCMO

A

Decreased

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19
Q

What MV abnormality will be seen with DCMO

A

MV tenting

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20
Q

Quantitative assessment of DCMO

A

LV volumes EF
Simpsons
LV size

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21
Q

What regurg is in 100% of patients with DCMO

A

MR

22
Q

With DCMO will the LVOT velocity be increased of decreased

A

Decreased

23
Q

What measurement is used to grade the degree of diastolic dysfunction

A

Dp/Dt

24
Q

Why is Dp/Dt more accurate then simpsons when it comes to DCMO

A

MR decreases afterload and makes it easier for the heart to contract. This will make the Simpsons measurement look like its higher then it actually is

25
Q

Low EF means a low….

A

Cardiac output

26
Q

Abnormal Dp/Dt

A

<1200

27
Q

What Pulmonary vein reversal velocity would indicate elevated LVEDP

A

> 35 cm/s

28
Q

What E/e ratio would indicate elevated LVEDP

A

> 15

29
Q

What IVRT time would indicated elevated LVEDP

A

<60

30
Q

Elevated LVEDP

A

> 15

31
Q

All patients with DCM will have some degrees of what

A

Diastolic dysfunction

32
Q

As the LV dilates the MV inflow enters the LV further from what

A

Apex

33
Q

How does a patient get HCMO

A

Inherited

34
Q

What part of the heart is most commonly effected by HCMO

A

IVS

35
Q

In HCMO a mutated gene affects what part of the heart

A

Contractile elements of the sarcoma remains

36
Q

What are the 2 types of HCMO

A

Non obstructive

Hypertrophic obstructive CMO

37
Q

What is most common hypertrophy of the IVS

A

Basal anterior septum

38
Q

With non obstructive HCMO what will the LVOT PG be and what will it be in obstructive

A

<30

>30

39
Q

How does obstruction occur in HCM

A

MV leaflet comes in contact with the IVS

40
Q

What is SAM

A

Systolic anterior motion of the MV

41
Q

There is a high risk of death if the IVS measures what

A

> 30mm

42
Q

What is persistent obstruction

A

Obstruction at rest with provocation

Seen at rest with valsalva maneuver

43
Q

What type of CMO gets worse during valsalva

A

Provocable obstruction

44
Q

What type of CMO does obstruction only occur with valsalva

A

Latent obstruction

45
Q

Obstruction increased by what 4 things in CMO

A

Lower preload
Lower LV volume
Increased contractility
Decreased contractiliy

46
Q

What are the maneuvers to uncover latent obstruction

A

Amyl nitrate
Valsalva
Stress test

47
Q

What will you see in a spectral trace of dynamic flow obstruction

A

Mid to late systole peaking (looks like a steak knife)

48
Q

decribe LVOT Vs MR

A

LVOT starts late peaks mid to late systole

MR starts early and ends late peaks mid

49
Q

The higher degree of obstruction in the LVOT in HCMO the more or less MR

A

More

50
Q

Why do we not want to use diuretics with HCMO

A

Reduce Preload

ECHO 325 (19 decks)

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