Atrial Size and Function

Question 1

As LA diastolic function worsens, its size will increase or decrease?

Answer 1

Increase

Question 2

What things can affect the size of the LA?

Answer 2

• Mitral valve disease
• LV systolic or diastolic function
• LV pressure overload
• Atrial arrhythmias
• Congenital HD
• Cardiac transplant

Question 3

What are the two ways you can measure LA size using dimension?

Answer 3

M-mode LA measurement and 2D LA measurement in PLAX

Question 4

What are the two ways you can measure LA size using volume?

Answer 4

Area-length method, Simpson’s biplane

Question 5

Between dimension and volume, which is more accurate when measuring the LA size?

Answer 5

Volume

Question 6

What is the normal LA dimension in a woman?

Answer 6

2.7-3.8 cm

Question 7

What is the normal LA dimension in a man?

Answer 7

3.0-4.0 cm

Question 8

The Method of Disks (MOD) while calculating LAV is most common method to use. If your lengths differ by >5 mm, what is happening?

Answer 8

You are foreshortening

Question 9

What is the normal LA volume index?

Answer 9

16-34 ml/m2

Question 10

What is the severe LA volume index?

Answer 10

≥48 ml/m2

Question 11

What is the severe LA dimension in a male?

Answer 11

> 5.2 cm

Question 12

What is the severe LA dimension in a female?

Answer 12

≥4.7 cm

Question 13

What is considered mild value for LA volume index?

Answer 13

35-41 ml/m2

Question 14

What is considered moderate value for LA volume index?

Answer 14

42-48 ml/m2

Question 15

If you are foreshortening your image, what technique can be used to fix it?

Answer 15

Sliding low and lateral

Question 16

What is the normal RA major axis value?

Answer 16

<5.3 cm

Question 17

What is the normal RA minor axis value?

Answer 17

<4.4 cm

Question 18

Where do you measure the major axis?

Answer 18

Center of the TV annulus to superior RA wall parallel to the IAS at end systole

Question 19

Where do you measure the minor axis?

Answer 19

Mid RA free wall to the IAS, perpendicular to the long axis of the RA

Question 20

What is the normal value of RA area?

Answer 20

<18 cm2

Question 21

What is the normal RA index for a female?

Answer 21

≤27 ml/m2

Question 22

What is the normal RA index for a male?

Answer 22

≤32 ml/m2