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WB Med. Term > Digestive system diseases - chapter 6 > Flashcards

Digestive system diseases - chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

asymptomatic

A

without symptoms

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2
Q

gastroenterology

A

concerned with digestive diseases

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3
Q

gastroenterologist

A

specializes in treatment and disorders of digestions,

but does not do surgery,

does procedures (bx, endoscopic exam)

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4
Q

ulcer

A

circumscribed open sore on the skin or mucous membranes of the body,

named by part of body

(esophogeal, gastric, duodenal ulcer)

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5
Q

peptic ulcer

A

most common ulcer type that occurs in the digestive system,

stomach and duodenum,

may be in esophagus

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6
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

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7
Q

PUD causes

A

erosion of protective membranes

caused by infection by Helicobacter pylori bacteria,

mucous is gone, acid iritates tissues

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8
Q

PUD risk factors

A
  1. smoking,
  2. chewing tobacco,
  3. stress,
  4. caffeine use,
  5. meds
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9
Q

smoking and PUD

A

smoking increases the harmful effects of H. Pylori,

bc alters protective mechs

and decreases blood flow,

use antacids

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10
Q

perforation

A

hole in wall lining

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11
Q

peritonitis

A

hole in wall lining

and gastric contents spill into abdominal cavity

and inflames the peritoneum

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12
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained

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13
Q

inguinal hernia

A

in groin where ab folds meet thighs

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14
Q

strangulated hernia

A

blood supply is cut off to organ because of pressure,

can lead to necrosis and gangrene

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15
Q

umbilical hernia

Where

who is at risk

A

protrusion of part of intestine at the naval,

  • obese women,
  • several preg,
  • congenital in infants
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16
Q

hernioplasty

A

surgical repair of a hernia, with herniorrhaphy (suture of the ab wall)

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17
Q

2 types of diaphragm hernias

A

diaphragmatic, hiatal

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18
Q

diaphragmatic hernia

A

congenital disorder

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19
Q

hiatal hernia

A

lower part of the esophagus and top of stomach slide through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm

into the thorax,

stomach acid backs up into the esophagus,

causes

  • heartburn,
  • chest pain and
  • swallowing difficulty
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20
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophogeal reflux disease

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21
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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22
Q

hepatitis causes

A
  • toxins (alcohol),
  • obstructions of the bile duct,
  • metabolic disease,
  • autoimmune disease,
  • bacterial, viral infections
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23
Q

3 most common types of Hepatitis

A

A (infectious)

B, (serum)

C

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24
Q

jaundice or icterus

A

yellowing of the skin and sclerae of eyes,

bc liver cant remove bilirubin

the yellow compound formed when destroying erythrocytes, or when bile duct is blocked

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25
Q

diverticulosis

A

blisterlike pockets (diverticula) develop in lining of the large intestine

and may balloon through intestinal wall,

usually in sigmoid colon

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26
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation fot he diverticula

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27
Q

sx of diverticulitis

A

constipation,

pain in LLQ,

diarrhea,

fever,

swelling,

blood in BM,

tx= rest, antibiotics, changes in diet, sometimes surgery

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28
Q

gastric adenocarcinoma

A

neoplasm in the epithelial or mucosal lining of the stomach

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29
Q

signs of stomach cancer

A

persistent indigestion

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30
Q

colorectal cancer

A

one of the most common types of intestinal cancer in US,

in the epithelial lining of the colon or rectum,

obstruction is first sign

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31
Q

anorexiA

A

lack of appetite,

resulting in the inability to eat

(not the same as anorexia nervosa)

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32
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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33
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, neoplasm, or inflammatory dis of ab

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34
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises

that are audible at a distance

and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

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35
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting that includes weight loss, loss of muscle mass,

and is commonly assoc with AIDS and cancer

aka wasting syndrome

36
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

37
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

38
Q

Crohn Disease

A

aka regional enteritis

form of inflammatory bowel disease

usually of the ileum

but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract

39
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

40
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine,

especially the colon,

that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or prarasites

41
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract expelled from body orifice, esp anus

42
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophogeal reflux disease

43
Q

halitosis

A

foul smelling breath

44
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

45
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region

categorized as external or internal

46
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

mechanical or functional blockage of the intestine that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract bc partial or complete blockage of the bowel

47
Q

malabsoption syndrome

A

symptom complex for the small intestine

characterized by impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through the intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

48
Q

melena

A

dark, tarlike feces

that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

49
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards,

usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

50
Q

morbid obesity

A

BMI is greater than 40, 100lbs overweight

51
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation from intestinal obstruction

52
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, cheek caused primarily by irritation

53
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

54
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter

causing obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

55
Q

regurgitation

A

backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

56
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the colon,

commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon, extending upward into the entire colon

57
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual exam of the GI tract using flexible fiberoptic instrument with magnifying lens and light source

to identify abnorm incl bleeding, ulceration, tumors

58
Q

hepatitis panel

A

panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus that is causing hepatitis

59
Q

LFT’s

A

liver function tests

60
Q

serum bilirubin

A

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

61
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a GI infect

62
Q

stool guaiac

A

test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called hemoccult

(trade name is modified guaiac test)

63
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

64
Q

lower GI series

A

radiographic images of the rectum and colon

following the admin of barium into the rectum;

also called lower GI series or barium enema

65
Q

oral cholecystogaphy (OCG)

A

radiographic images taken of the gallbladder

after admin of a contrast material containing iodine,

usually in the form of a tablet

66
Q

upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

A

radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine following oral admin of barium,

aka barium swallowing

67
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of 2 duct vessels or bowel segments

to allow flow from one to another

68
Q

laparoscopic

A

minimally invasive appendectomy using 3 small abd incisions

while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor

69
Q

bariatric surgery

A

group of procedures that treat morbid obesity,

a cont that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems

70
Q

vertical branded gastroplasty

A

bariatric surgery

that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch

and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption adn delays its passage from the pouch causing a feeling of fullness

71
Q

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass RGB

A

bariatric surgery,

involving stapling the stomach to decrease the size

72
Q

colostomy

A

surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an opening by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior ab wall and suturing it in place

73
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasound waves

74
Q

paracentesis

A

proecedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long thin needle inserted in through the belly (abdominocentesis)

75
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polyp

76
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of NG tube through nose into stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food or gastric secretions

77
Q

antispasmodics

A

meds relieve cramping

78
Q

laxatives

A

movement of material through a sluggish bowel

79
Q

antacids

A

counteract or neutralize acidity (heartburn, reflux)

80
Q

antidiarrheals

A

controll loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel

81
Q

antiemetics

A

control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

82
Q

antispasmodics

A

decrease GI spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract

83
Q

histamine blockers

A

inhibit secretion of stomach acid from the gastric cells by blocking h2 receptor

84
Q

laxatives

A

treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation

85
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

supress basal and stimulated acid production by inhibing the acid pump in the gastric cells, more potent than h2 blocers

WB Med. Term (23 decks)

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