Digestive system diseases - chapter 6 Flashcards
1
Q
asymptomatic
A
without symptoms
2
Q
gastroenterology
A
concerned with digestive diseases
3
Q
gastroenterologist
A
specializes in treatment and disorders of digestions,
but does not do surgery,
does procedures (bx, endoscopic exam)
4
Q
ulcer
A
circumscribed open sore on the skin or mucous membranes of the body,
named by part of body
(esophogeal, gastric, duodenal ulcer)
5
Q
peptic ulcer
A
most common ulcer type that occurs in the digestive system,
stomach and duodenum,
may be in esophagus
6
Q
PUD
A
peptic ulcer disease
7
Q
PUD causes
A
erosion of protective membranes
caused by infection by Helicobacter pylori bacteria,
mucous is gone, acid iritates tissues
8
Q
PUD risk factors
A
- smoking,
- chewing tobacco,
- stress,
- caffeine use,
- meds
9
Q
smoking and PUD
A
smoking increases the harmful effects of H. Pylori,
bc alters protective mechs
and decreases blood flow,
use antacids
10
Q
perforation
A
hole in wall lining
11
Q
peritonitis
A
hole in wall lining
and gastric contents spill into abdominal cavity
and inflames the peritoneum
12
Q
hernia
A
protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained
13
Q
inguinal hernia
A
in groin where ab folds meet thighs
14
Q
strangulated hernia
A
blood supply is cut off to organ because of pressure,
can lead to necrosis and gangrene
15
Q
umbilical hernia
Where
who is at risk
A
protrusion of part of intestine at the naval,
- obese women,
- several preg,
- congenital in infants
16
Q
hernioplasty
A
surgical repair of a hernia, with herniorrhaphy (suture of the ab wall)
17
Q
2 types of diaphragm hernias
A
diaphragmatic, hiatal
18
Q
diaphragmatic hernia
A
congenital disorder
19
Q
hiatal hernia
A
lower part of the esophagus and top of stomach slide through an opening (hiatus) in the diaphragm
into the thorax,
stomach acid backs up into the esophagus,
causes
- heartburn,
- chest pain and
- swallowing difficulty
20
Q
GERD
A
gastroesophogeal reflux disease
21
Q
hepatitis
A
inflammation of the liver
22
Q
hepatitis causes
A
- toxins (alcohol),
- obstructions of the bile duct,
- metabolic disease,
- autoimmune disease,
- bacterial, viral infections
23
Q
3 most common types of Hepatitis
A
A (infectious)
B, (serum)
C
24
Q
jaundice or icterus
A
yellowing of the skin and sclerae of eyes,
bc liver cant remove bilirubin
the yellow compound formed when destroying erythrocytes, or when bile duct is blocked
25
diverticulosis
**blisterlike pockets (diverticula)** develop in lining of the large intestine
and may **balloon through intestinal wall,**
usually in **sigmoid colon**
26
diverticulitis
inflammation fot he diverticula
27
sx of diverticulitis
constipation,
pain in LLQ,
diarrhea,
fever,
swelling,
blood in BM,
tx= rest, antibiotics, changes in diet, sometimes surgery
28
gastric adenocarcinoma
neoplasm in the epithelial or mucosal lining of the stomach
29
signs of stomach cancer
persistent indigestion
30
colorectal cancer
one of the most common types of intestinal cancer in US,
in the epithelial lining of the colon or rectum,
obstruction is first sign
31
anorexiA
lack of appetite,
resulting in the inability to eat
(not the same as anorexia nervosa)
32
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
33
ascites
**abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity,** usually as a result of chronic liver disease, neoplasm, or inflammatory dis of ab
34
borborygmus
**rumbling or gurgling noises**
that are audible at a distance
and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
35
cachexia
**physical wasting** that includes weight loss, loss of muscle mass,
and is commonly assoc with AIDS and cancer
aka wasting syndrome
36
cholelithiasis
presence of the formation of **gallstones** in the gallbladder
37
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
38
Crohn Disease
aka regional enteritis
form of inflammatory bowel disease
usually of the ileum
but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract
39
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
40
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine,
especially the colon,
that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing **chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or prarasites**
41
flatus
**gas** in the GI tract expelled from body orifice, esp anus
42
GERD
gastroesophogeal reflux disease
43
halitosis
foul smelling breath
44
hematemesis
**vomiting of blood** from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
45
hemorrhoids
swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region
categorized as external or internal
46
intestinal obstruction
**mechanical or functional blockage of the intestine** that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract bc partial or complete blockage of the bowel
47
malabsoption syndrome
symptom complex for the small intestine
characterized by impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through the intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
48
melena
**dark, tarlike feces**
that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
49
obesity
excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards,
usually an increase of **20%** or more above ideal body weight
50
morbid obesity
BMI is greater than **40, 100lbs** overweight
51
obstipation
severe **constipation** from intestinal **obstruction**
52
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, cheek caused primarily by irritation
53
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
54
pyloric stenosis
stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
causing obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
55
regurgitation
backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
56
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of the colon,
commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon, extending upward into the entire colon
57
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual exam of the GI tract using flexible fiberoptic instrument with magnifying lens and light source
to identify abnorm incl bleeding, ulceration, tumors
58
hepatitis panel
panel of blood tests that identifies the **specific virus** that is causing hepatitis
59
LFT's
liver function tests
60
serum bilirubin
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
61
stool culture
**test** to identify **microorganisms or parasites** present in feces that are causing a GI infect
62
stool guaiac
test that applies a **substance called guaiac** to a stool sample to **detect** the presence of **occult (hidden) blood** in the feces; also called **hemoccult**
(trade name is modified guaiac test)
63
CT
computed tomography
64
lower GI series
radiographic images of the rectum and colon
following the admin of barium into the rectum;
also called *lower GI series* or *barium enema*
65
oral cholecystogaphy (OCG)
**radiographic** images taken of the **gallbladde**r
after admin of a contrast material containing iodine,
usually in the form of a tablet
66
upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
**radiographic** images of the **esophagus, stomach, small intestine** following oral admin of barium,
aka barium swallowing
67
anastomosis
surgica**l joining of 2 duct vessels or bowel segments**
to allow **flow** from one to another
68
laparoscopic
minimally invasive appendectomy using 3 small abd incisions
while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor
69
bariatric surgery
group of **procedures** that treat **morbid obesity,**
a cont that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems
70
vertical branded gastroplasty
**bariatric surgery**
that involves vertical **stapling** of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch
and insertion of a **band that restricts food** consumption adn delays its passage from the pouch causing a **feeling of fullness**
71
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass RGB
bariatric surgery,
involving **stapling the stomac**h to decrease the size
72
colostomy
surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms an **opening** by **drawing** the healthy end of the **colon through an incisio**n in the anterior ab wall and suturing it in place
73
lithotripsy
procedure for **crushing a sto**ne and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasound waves
74
paracentesis
proecedure to **remove fluid** from the abdomen using a long thin needle inserted in through the belly (abdominocentesis)
75
polypectomy
excision of a polyp
76
nasogastric intubation
insertion of NG tube through nose into stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food or gastric secretions
77
antispasmodics
meds relieve cramping
78
laxatives
movement of material through a sluggish bowel
79
antacids
counteract or neutralize acidity (heartburn, reflux)
80
antidiarrheals
controll loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel
81
antiemetics
control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
82
antispasmodics
**decrease GI spasms by slowing peristalsis** and motility throughout the GI tract
83
histamine blockers
inhibit secretion of stomach acid from the gastric cells by blocking h2 receptor
84
laxatives
treat constipation by **increasing peristaltic activity i**n the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation
85
proton pump inhibitors
supress basal and stimulated acid production by inhibing the acid pump in the gastric cells, more potent than h2 blocers
86
