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WB Med. Term > Digestive System A/P chapter 6 > Flashcards

Digestive System A/P chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

digestive system

A

aka gastrointestinal (GI) system

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2
Q

what does digestive system consist of

A

GI tract (alimentary canal),

gallbalder,

liver,

panreas

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3
Q

what is primary function of GI system

A
  1. break down food,
  2. prepare for absorption,
  3. eliminate waste
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4
Q

How does GI system work

A

food passes along GI tract,

mixes with digestive enzymes,

broken down into nutrient molecules,

absorbed into blood stream,

undigested waste materials eliminated through defecation

passes, mixes, broken, absorbed, eliminated

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5
Q

bilirubin

A

orange-yellow pigment formed formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells and excreted in feces

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6
Q

Jaundice

A

elevated bilirubin produces yellow skin,

indicates liver damage or disease

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7
Q

bolus

A

mass of masticated food ready for swallowing

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8
Q

exocrine

A

type of gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

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9
Q

sphincter

A

circular and of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body

(eg cardiac sphincter/ lower esophoageal sphincter)

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10
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

lower esophageal sphincter constricts once food passes into the stomach, consists of muscle fibers

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11
Q

triglycerides

A

organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids

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12
Q

lipoproteins

A

triglycerides combine with proteins in the blood,

liver synthesizes the lipoproteins to transport fats to other tissues,

where they are source of energy,

fat in adipose tissue is stored as energy

fat protein, energy

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13
Q

oral cavity

A

purpose: receptacle for food,

includes:

cheeks (bucca), lips,

teeth,

tongue,

hard and soft palate,

lined with mucous membranes

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14
Q

bucca

A

cheek

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15
Q

salivary glands

A

located in oral cavity,

3 pairs of salivary glands, secrete saliva

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16
Q

salivary

A

has important enzymes that start break down of food

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17
Q

food

A

broken down in mouth,

mechanically by teeth,

chemically by saliva

and formed into bolus

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18
Q

Pathway of food in digestive system

A

mouth, (salivary glands),

pharynx (throat),

esophagus,

stomach

liver,

gallbladder,

pancreas,

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum,

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus,

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19
Q

upper GI system consists of

A

mouth, pharynx, esophogus, stomach

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20
Q

small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum,

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21
Q

large intestine

A

cecum,

ascending colon,

transverse colon,

descending colon,

sigmoid colon,

rectum

cat dsr

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22
Q

purpose of teeth in digestion

A

break down food (mastication)

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23
Q

mastication

A

mechanically breaking down food (teeth) mix it with saliva

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24
Q

teeth parts

A

enamel,

dentin

pulp

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25
Q

enamel

A

white part of tooth

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26
Q

dentin

A

main part of tooth

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27
Q

pulp

A

innermost part of tooth with nerves and blood vessels

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28
Q

gingiva

A

gums, pink fleshy tissue

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29
Q

purpose of tongue in digestion

A
  1. manipulates bolus of food during chewing
  2. and moves to back for swallowing,
  3. speech production,
  4. taste
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30
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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31
Q

papillae

A

rough projections on the surface of the tongue containing taste buds

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32
Q

4 types of taste buds

A
  1. sweet,
  2. sour,
  3. salty,
  4. bitter,

all other tastes are combinations,

linked to smell

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33
Q

2 structures form roof of mouth

A
  1. hard palate,
  2. soft palate
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34
Q

hard palate

A

anterior roof of mouth,

35
Q

soft palate

A

posterior roof of mouth,

forms partition bw mouth and nasopharynx,

continuous with hard palate

36
Q

pharynx

A

throat,

passage way to respiratory and GI tract,

chamber for speech sounds,

2 tubes at bottom, trachea and esophagus,

lead to lungs

37
Q

uvula

A

what: soft, fleshy, v shaped,
purpose: guides the bolus of food down pharynx

38
Q

trachea

A

lower part of pharynx leads to lungs

39
Q

esophagus

A

lower part of pharynx leads to stomach

40
Q

epiglottis

A

small flap of cartilage folds back to cover the trachea during swallowing

forcing foods to enter the esophagus,

other times sits upright and lets air flow

41
Q

stomach

what

where

purpose

A

what: saclike structure,
where: LUQ,
purpose: serves as a food reservoir that continues chemical and mechanical digestion

42
Q

where is the stomach located

A

LUQ,

from duodenum to cardiac sphincter

43
Q

what does cardiac sphincter do

A

prevents stomach contents from regurgitating back into the esophagus

44
Q

body of the stomach

A

large central protion,

with fundus,

main storage area

45
Q

fundus of the stomach

purpose;

Where;

A

Purpose: storage area,

where: upper area of stomach

46
Q

pylorus

purpose;

what:

A

Purpose: digestion takes place,

What: funnel shaped terminal portion of stomach

47
Q

rugae

what:

Purpose:

Produces

A

What: mucus membranes,

purpose: macroscopic longitundinal folds unfold as stomach fills,

produces: produce HCI and enzymes

48
Q

HCI

A

hydrochloric acid

49
Q

Digestive glands

produce;

purpose:

A

produce: HCI and enzymes,
purpose: combined with mechancial churning of the stomach turn bolus into chyme

50
Q

chyme

What;

Why:

A

What: semiliquid form of bolus of food after HCI and enzymes,

Why: how food leaves the stomach

51
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

regulates the speed and movement of chyme into the small intestine and

prevents backflow

regulates chyme

prevents backflow

52
Q

Peristalsis

A

coordinated rhythmic muscle contractions propels food through the entire GI tract

53
Q

small intestine

What;

Where

parts

A

what; coiled tube, 20 feet long,

Where; begins at pyloric sphincter and ends at large intestine,

has 3 parts, duodenum, jujenum, ileum

54
Q

lengths of small intestine

A

small intestine 20 feel long,

duodenum 10 inches long,

jujenum 8 feet long,

ileum 12 feet long

55
Q

where is digestion completed?

A

pancreas and liver

56
Q

villa

A

nutrients in chyme absorbed through finger like projections

57
Q

lymphatic system and digestion

A

nutrients enter the blood steam and lymphatic system for distribution to rest of body

58
Q

ileocecal valve

where

purpose

A

Where: terminal end of small intestine,

Purpose: allows undigested or unabsorbed material from small intestine to pass into large intestine and

eventually excreted from the body

59
Q

large intestine

size;

where;

purpose

3 components

A

5 feet long,

end of ileum to anus,

no digestion, only mucus secretion in colon with lubricants for fecal matter,

3 components, cecum, colon rectum

60
Q

cecum

A

part of large intestine,

2-3 inches, small pouch that hangs inferior to ileocecal valve

61
Q

appendix

A

hangs down from cecum,

wormlike structure with no function

62
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammed appendix when infected or blocked

63
Q

appendectomy

A

removal of appendix

64
Q

function of colon

A

absorb water and minerals,

eliminate undigested materials,

divided into:

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

65
Q

ascending colon

A

cecum to lower border of the liver

and turns abruptly to form hepatic flexure

66
Q

transverse colon

A

colon across abdomen to left side, curvse beneath the lower end fo the spleen to form splenic flexure

67
Q

hepatic flexure

A

cecum to lower border of the liver and turns abruptly to form hepatic flexure

68
Q

splenic flexure

A

colon across abdomen to left side, curves beneath the lower end fo the spleen to form splenic flexure

69
Q

descending colon

A

transverse colon turns downward,

continues until it forms sigmoid colon and the rectum

70
Q

rectum

A

last part of colon and ends at anus

71
Q

liver

A

largest glandular organ,

weighs 3-4 lbs,

beneath diaphragm in RUQ and LUQ of abdominal cavity

72
Q

liver functions

A

bile - aids digestion of fat, glucose -

from the blood to synthesize glygogen (starch) and retain it for later use,

store vitamins b12, A, D,E, K,

destroy toxic products,

maintain normal glucose levels in the blood,

destroy erythrocytes,

release bilirubin,

sythesize proteins that circulate in the blood such as albumin for fluid balance and prothrombin and fibrinogen for blood circulation

73
Q

pancreas

A

elongated, flat organ lies posterior and slightly inferior to the stomach

74
Q

pancreas function

A

endocrine gland,

pancrease secretes insulin directly into blood to control glucose levels,

exocrine gland produces digestive enzymes that pass into duodenum through pancreatic duct

75
Q

pancreatic duct

A

extends along the pancreas

and with hepatic duct from the liver

enters the duodenum

76
Q

pancreatic enzymes

A

trypsin, amylase

77
Q

trypsin

A

digests proteins

78
Q

amylase

A

digests starch

79
Q

lipase

A

digests triglycerides

80
Q

gallbladder

A

sac-like structure on inferior surface of the liver,

serves as storage area for bile which is produced by the liver

81
Q

common bile duct

A

gallbladder releases bile through common bile duct

82
Q

right hepatic duct/ left hepatic duct

A

bile drains from liver through the ducts,

two ducts become one duct called hepatic duct

83
Q

cystic duct

A

gallbladder emerges with the hepatic duct to form common bile duct

which leads into common bile duct,

which leads into duodenum

WB Med. Term (23 decks)

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