chapter 7 Respiratory System - clinical, surgical Flashcards
mantoux test
TB screening test
PPD is placed just beneath the surface of the skin to identify a previous exposure to TB
oximetry
non invasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen
aka pulse oximetry
Hb
hemoglobin
polysomnography
test of sleep cycles using EEGS
PFT’s
pulmonary function tests,
series of tests to aid in the dx of lung diseases
and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
spirometry
PFT that measures
how much and how quickly air moves in and out of the lungs
bronchoscopy
visual exam of the bronchi
laryngoscopy
visual exam of the larynx
to detect tumors, foreign bodies,
nerve or structural injury
or other abnormalities
mediastinoscopy
what is it?
what organs does it include?
visual exam of the mediastinal structures
including the
heart,
trachea,
esophagus,
bronchus,
thymus,
and lymph nodes
ABG
arterial blood gas,
test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
sputum culture
microbial test used to identify disease causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, esp those that cause pneumonias
sweat test
measurement of the amount of sal (sodium chloride) in sweat
throat culture
test used to identify pathogens especially
group A streptococci
chest x-ray
identify lung conditions
pneumonia, lung cancer, COPD, and pneumothorax
computed tomography pulmonary angiography
minimally invasive imaging that combines CT scan and angiography to produce images of pulmonary arteries
CT+Angiography for pulmonary arteries
angiography xray with dye to look at arteries
V-Q
ventilation perfusion,
nuclear test scan that evaluates airflow (ventilation) and blood flow perfusion in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in thel ungs,
aka V-Q lung scan
perfusion = blood flow
ventilation = breathing
pleurectomy
excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung or portion of the lung,
commonly for treatment of cancer
septoplasty
surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum
performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
thoracentesis
surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity;
aka pleurocentesis,or thoracocentesis
tracheostomy
surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
aerosol therapy
lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways
antral lavage
what
why
who
washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses
to remove mucopurulent material
in an immonosuppressed pt
or one with known sinusitis that has failed to respond to medical management
endotracheal intubation
procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
postural drainage
method of positioning a pt so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs to make breathing easier
posture=position
antibiotics
destroy or inhibit growth of bacteria
(azithromycin, amoxicillin)
antihistamines
block histamines from binding with histamine receptor sites in tissues (-dine)
antitussives
relieve or
by blocking the cough reflex in the medulla of the brain
bronchodilators
stimulate bronchial muscles to relax,
expanding passages increasing airflow
bronchi
dilator
corticosteroids
act on immune system by blocking production of substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory responses
cortex (adrenal)
steroid manmade hormones
decongestants
constrict blood vessels the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by of nasal passages and limit blood flow, which causes swollen tissues to shrink so that air can pass more freely through the passageways
expectorants
liquify respiratory secretions so that they are more easily dislodged during coughing episodes
