chapter 7 Respiratory System - AP

Question 1

respiratory system is responsible for

Answer 1

oxygen,

carbon dioxide

Question 2

oxygen O2

Answer 2

carried to all cells in exchange for CO2,

tasteless odorless gas

essential for all respiration

Question 3

carbon dioxide

CO2

Answer 3

waste product,

tasteless, colorless odorless gas

produced by body cells during metabolism

Question 4

breathing ventilation

Answer 4

lungs and airways transport O2 rich air from atmosphere,

to the lungs

and carry co2 waste to atmosphere

Question 5

pH

Answer 5

acidity/alkalinity in the blood symbol that indicates the

degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance ,

number less than 7 or greater than 7

Question 6

homeostatis

Answer 6

stable internal environment

Question 7

cartilage

Answer 7

tough elastic connective tissue that is

more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone

Question 8

cilia

Answer 8

minute, hairlike structures that extend from surface of the cell

Question 9

cilia escalator

Answer 9

cilia move particles upward to the pharynx,

smoking destroys the escalator

Question 10

diffuse

Answer 10

to move or spread out a substance at random

rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

Question 11

serous membrane

Answer 11

the layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist also called serosa

Question 12

nasal cavity

Answer 12

air drawn in to nasal cavity

lined into mucus membranes and tiny hairs called cilia,

air is filtered, heated, moistened

Question 13

nasal septum

Answer 13

divided into right and left side by a vertical partition of cartilage

Question 14

Olfactory neurons

Answer 14

Receptors for sense of smell,

Covered with a layer of mucus,

located deep in nasal cavity,

embedded among the epithelial cells lining the nasal tract

Question 15

pharynx

3 sections

Answer 15

Muscular tube has three sections

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Question 16

nasopharynx

where?

Answer 16

Posterior to the nose

Question 17

Oropharynx

where?

Answer 17

posterior to the mouth

Question 18

laryngopharynx

where?

this one is different

Answer 18

superior to the larynx

Question 19

adenoids

what are they?

where are they?

what are they made of?

Answer 19

Pharyngeal tonsils,

in nasal pharynx,

collection of lymphoid tissues

Question 20

Palitine tonsils

aka

where

purpose

Answer 20

Known as tonsils,

located in oral pharynx,

protect the opening to the respiratory tract from micro organisms that may attempt to enter by this route

Question 21

Larynx

what?

what does it look like

where

Answer 21

Structures that make vocal sounds,

leaf shaped structure

on top of larynx

Question 22

Epiglottis

what?

where?

purpose?

Answer 22

leaf shaped structure

on top of larynx

Seals off the air passage to the lungs during swallowing, ensures food or liquids do not obstruct flow of air to lungs

Question 23

Trachea

what

made of

why

Answer 23

Wind pipe,

smooth muscle embedded with C shaped rings of cartilage which provide rigidity to keep air passage open

Question 24

Bronchi

Answer 24

Trachea divides into two branches call bronchi,

one leads to right lung, one to left lung

Question 25

mucus membrane what is it what else does it have what does it do

Answer 25

inner walls of bronchi, lined with cilia, traps incoming particles, cilia move trapped material to pharynx where it is expelled by coughing, sneezing, swallowing

Question 26

alveoli

Answer 26

alveolus, tiny air sacs, like a balloon, expands and contracts with inflow and outflow

Question 27

pulmonary capillaries where are they? what happens?

Answer 27

next to alveoli, **CO2 diffuses** from blood **within** the pulmonary capillaries and enters the alveolar spaces and **o2 from alveoli diffuses into blood**

Question 28

lobes of the lungs how many?

Answer 28

Right lung=3 lobes, Left lung = 2

Question 29

mediastinum what is it? what does it contain?

Answer 29

space bw left and right lung, contains heart, aorta, esophagus, bronchi

Question 30

pleura where is it? what is it made of

Answer 30

covers the lungs, serous membrane, folds over walls of thoracic cavity

Question 31

visceral pleura

Answer 31

membrane closest to the lung

Question 32

pleural cavity ## Footnote what is it what does it have why does it have it

Answer 32

**space** between two **visceral** and **parieta**l pleaura small amount of lubricating fluid, **allows visceral** pleura to **glide** smoothly over the **parietal** pleura **during breathing**

Question 33

parietal pleura

Answer 33

**membrane** lines the **thoracic** cavity,

Question 34

what does ventilation depend on

Answer 34

**pressure** bw a**tmosphere** and **chest cavity**

Question 35

diaphragm

Answer 35

large **muscular partition** bw **chest** and **abdominal cavity,** changes the of the thoracic cavity to produce the needed pressure differential for ventilation

Question 36

inspiration

Answer 36

**diaphragm** **contracts** and **decends** into the abd cavity **decreasing pressure** within the chest and drawing **air into** lungs

Question 37

expiration

Answer 37

pressure **increases** and **air leaves** the lungs when **diaphragm relaxes** and **reenters thoracic cavity**

Question 38

intercostal muscles job how how

Answer 38

**assist the diaphragm** by **changing volume** of thoracic cavity by **elevating and lowering** the rib cage

Question 39

pulmonary respiration

Answer 39

process by which **o2** is **taken from the air** and carried to the **body cells** for their **use** and **CO2** and **water,** the **waste products** are carried **to the lungs** and returned to the environment

Question 40

respirations 4 processes

Answer 40

pulmonary ventilation **breathing**, **external** respiration, **transport** of respiratory gases, **internal** respiration

Question 41

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 41

**What: breathing,** i**nvoluntary** action what: that **moves air** into and out of lungs why? in **response to changes in blood o2 and co2 levels** and **nervous stimulation** of the **diaphragm** and **intercostal muscles**

Question 42

external respiration what where

Answer 42

**exchange of o2 and co2** between the **alveoli and the blood** in the **pulmonary** capillaries external=exchange

Question 43

transport of respiratory gases

Answer 43

movement of **o2** to the body **cells** and **co2** to the **lungs** by means of the **cardiovascular system** **o2 to cells** **co2 to lungs** **through CV**

Question 44

internal respiration

Answer 44

**exchange of o2 and co2** between the body cells and the blood in the systemic capillaries exchange gases inside, cells, capillaries