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WB Med. Term > chapter 7 Respiratory System - AP > Flashcards

chapter 7 Respiratory System - AP Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system is responsible for

A

oxygen,

carbon dioxide

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2
Q

oxygen O2

A

carried to all cells in exchange for CO2,

tasteless odorless gas

essential for all respiration

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3
Q

carbon dioxide

CO2

A

waste product,

tasteless, colorless odorless gas

produced by body cells during metabolism

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4
Q

breathing ventilation

A

lungs and airways transport O2 rich air from atmosphere,

to the lungs

and carry co2 waste to atmosphere

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5
Q

pH

A

acidity/alkalinity in the blood symbol that indicates the

degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance ,

number less than 7 or greater than 7

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6
Q

homeostatis

A

stable internal environment

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7
Q

cartilage

A

tough elastic connective tissue that is

more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone

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8
Q

cilia

A

minute, hairlike structures that extend from surface of the cell

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9
Q

cilia escalator

A

cilia move particles upward to the pharynx,

smoking destroys the escalator

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10
Q

diffuse

A

to move or spread out a substance at random

rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

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11
Q

serous membrane

A

the layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist also called serosa

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12
Q

nasal cavity

A

air drawn in to nasal cavity

lined into mucus membranes and tiny hairs called cilia,

air is filtered, heated, moistened

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13
Q

nasal septum

A

divided into right and left side by a vertical partition of cartilage

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14
Q

Olfactory neurons

A

Receptors for sense of smell,

Covered with a layer of mucus,

located deep in nasal cavity,

embedded among the epithelial cells lining the nasal tract

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15
Q

pharynx

3 sections

A

Muscular tube has three sections

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

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16
Q

nasopharynx

where?

A

Posterior to the nose

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17
Q

Oropharynx

where?

A

posterior to the mouth

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18
Q

laryngopharynx

where?

this one is different

A

superior to the larynx

19
Q

adenoids

what are they?

where are they?

what are they made of?

A

Pharyngeal tonsils,

in nasal pharynx,

collection of lymphoid tissues

20
Q

Palitine tonsils

aka

where

purpose

A

Known as tonsils,

located in oral pharynx,

protect the opening to the respiratory tract from micro organisms that may attempt to enter by this route

21
Q

Larynx

what?

what does it look like

where

A

Structures that make vocal sounds,

leaf shaped structure

on top of larynx

22
Q

Epiglottis

what?

where?

purpose?

A

leaf shaped structure

on top of larynx

Seals off the air passage to the lungs during swallowing, ensures food or liquids do not obstruct flow of air to lungs

23
Q

Trachea

what

made of

why

A

Wind pipe,

smooth muscle embedded with C shaped rings of cartilage which provide rigidity to keep air passage open

24
Q

Bronchi

A

Trachea divides into two branches call bronchi,

one leads to right lung, one to left lung

25
Q

mucus membrane

what is it

what else does it have

what does it do

A

inner walls of bronchi,

lined with cilia,

traps incoming particles,

cilia move trapped material to pharynx

where it is expelled by coughing, sneezing, swallowing

26
Q

alveoli

A

alveolus, tiny air sacs,

like a balloon, expands and contracts with inflow and outflow

27
Q

pulmonary capillaries

where are they?

what happens?

A

next to alveoli,

CO2 diffuses from blood within the pulmonary capillaries and enters the alveolar spaces

and o2 from alveoli diffuses into blood

28
Q

lobes of the lungs

how many?

A

Right lung=3 lobes,

Left lung = 2

29
Q

mediastinum

what is it?

what does it contain?

A

space bw left and right lung,

contains

heart,

aorta,

esophagus,

bronchi

30
Q

pleura

where is it?

what is it made of

A

covers the lungs,

serous membrane,

folds over walls of thoracic cavity

31
Q

visceral pleura

A

membrane closest to the lung

32
Q

pleural cavity

what is it

what does it have

why does it have it

A

space between two visceral and parietal pleaura

small amount of lubricating fluid,

allows visceral pleura to glide smoothly over the parietal pleura during breathing

33
Q

parietal pleura

A

membrane lines the thoracic cavity,

34
Q

what does ventilation depend on

A

pressure bw atmosphere and chest cavity

35
Q

diaphragm

A

large muscular partition bw chest and abdominal cavity,

changes the of the thoracic cavity to produce the needed pressure differential for ventilation

36
Q

inspiration

A

diaphragm contracts and decends into the abd cavity

decreasing pressure within the chest

and drawing air into lungs

37
Q

expiration

A

pressure increases

and air leaves the lungs when diaphragm relaxes and reenters thoracic cavity

38
Q

intercostal muscles

job

how

how

A

assist the diaphragm

by changing volume of thoracic cavity

by elevating and lowering the rib cage

39
Q

pulmonary respiration

A

process by which o2 is taken from the air

and carried to the body cells for their use

and CO2 and water, the waste products

are carried to the lungs and returned to the environment

40
Q

respirations

4 processes

A

pulmonary ventilation breathing,

external respiration,

transport of respiratory gases,

internal respiration

41
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

What: breathing,

involuntary action

what: that moves air into and out of lungs

why? in response to changes in blood o2 and co2 levels

and nervous stimulation of the diaphragm

and intercostal muscles

42
Q

external respiration

what

where

A

exchange of o2 and co2

between the alveoli and the blood

in the pulmonary capillaries

external=exchange

43
Q

transport of respiratory gases

A

movement of o2 to the body cells

and co2 to the lungs

by means of the cardiovascular system

o2 to cells

co2 to lungs

through CV

44
Q

internal respiration

A

exchange of o2 and co2

between the body cells

and the blood in the systemic capillaries

exchange gases inside, cells, capillaries

WB Med. Term (23 decks)

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