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WB Med. Term > chapter 7 Respiratory System - diseases > Flashcards

chapter 7 Respiratory System - diseases Flashcards

1
Q

thoracodynia

A

chest pain

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2
Q

respiratory disorder

signs and symptoms

A

dry or productive cough,

chest pain,

altered breathing patterns,

SOB,

cyanosis,

fever

and exercise intolerance

may begin as acute but become chronic over time

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3
Q

pulmonology

A

concerned with disorders of the respiratory system, pulmonologist

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4
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

chronic partial obstruction of air passages

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5
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing,

part of COPD,

limited airflow in and out of lungs

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6
Q

when is COPD diagnosed

A

after pt has lost some lung capacity,

can have it without knowing it

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7
Q

3 common disorders of COPD

A

asthma,

chronic bronchitis,

emphysema

a, b, e

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8
Q

asthma

produces:

results in:

caused by

overtime

A

produces bronchospasms

may be sudden and violent (paroxysmal)

causing dyspnea,

cause; allergies, irritants, cold, stress, exercise, coughing produces mucus,

overtime epithelium of bronchial passage thickens, breathing is more difficult, and flair ups happen more often

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9
Q

bronchospasms

A

spasms in the bronchial passage way.

may be paroxysmal - violent and sudden

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10
Q

paroxysmal

A

sudden and violent bronchospasm

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11
Q

productive cough

A

mucus

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12
Q

exacerbations

A

flare ups of disease

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13
Q

mucolytics

A

agents to break down mucus

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14
Q

bronchodilators

A

agent to expand the bronchi by relaxing smooth muscle

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15
Q

status asthmaticus

A

life threatening bronchospasm

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16
Q

stages of COPD

A
  1. at risk, mild,
  2. moderate,
  3. severe,
  4. very severe
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17
Q

COPD at risk level

A

minor diff with airflow,

presence of cough with sputum,

maybe unaware of disease

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18
Q

COPD 2. Moderate level

A

limitation with airflow,

poss SOB,

seek medical attention

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19
Q

COPD 3. severe

A

inadequate airflow,

increase SOB with activity,

diminish quality of life

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20
Q

COPD 4. very severe

A

severe airflow limitations,

sig impair qual of life,

poss life-threatening,

pos dev of complications such as resp or heart failure

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21
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

what

caused by

characterized by

tx

A

inflammation of the bronchi

smoking

air pollution,

virus and bacteria can cause,

characterized by swelling of mucosa and heavy productive cough accomp with chest pain,

seek med help when intolerance, wheezing, SOB, TX=bronchodilators and expectorants, sometimes steroids

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22
Q

expectorants

A

agents aid in the removal of mucus

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23
Q

emphysema

what

who

A

decreased elasticity of alveoli,

alveoli expand( dilate) but can’t contract to usual size making it dif to exhale,

usually with asthma, TB, or chronic bronchitis, long-term heavy smokers

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24
Q

barrel chested

why

who

A

from emphysema,

air is not exhaled

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25
orthopnea and emphysema
easier to breath sitting or standing
26
pneumonia what where cause
**inflammatory** condition affecting the lungs, esp **alveoli,** **fluids collect in the alveoli** and lung tissue is spongy, swollen, engorged (consolidation), exchange of air diff, viral, bacterial, inhaled substances
27
consolodation
wet, engorged lung tissue
28
aspiration pneumonias
inhale food, vomitus, liquids causing pneumonia
29
lobar pneumonia ## Footnote cause where who gets it tx
bacterial affects large portion of lobe, usually in young healthy adults, is primay pneumonia, needs antibiotics
30
bronchopneumonia ## Footnote what where who type
cause; wider **variety of organisms** and is centered in **bronchi** and surrounding alveoli, in **infants** and **elderly,** and suffering **other diseases**, like cancer, heart fail, immune disorders, is **secondary pneumonia**
31
pneumocytis pneumonia (PCP) ## Footnote who why
type of pneumonia assoc with AIDS, org in people (flora) but is opportunistic in immune compromised
32
mucopurulent sputum
sputum with white blood cells
33
common signs of pneumonia
thoracodynia, dyspnea, hemotysis, coughing up sputum containing white blood cells and mucopurulent sputum **chest pain, breathing pain, spit blood, spit sputum**
34
acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARDS, **lungs no longer function effectively,** threatening life of pt, usually result of serious lung cond, such as trauma, severe pneumonia, other systemic infections or sepsis
35
causes of ARDS
**alveoli** **fill with fluid** caused by inflammation and collapse making **o2 exchange impossible**. usually need mechanical ventilation
36
NRDS ## Footnote what who
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, form of ARDS in preterm infants or infants born to diabetic mohters,
37
NRDS causes
insufficient **surfactant**, the **alveioli collapse** and breathing becomes labored
38
SS of NRDS
cyoanosis of the extremities, flaring of the nostrils, rapid breathing, characteristic grunt **blue nose fast grunt**
39
surfactant
phospholipid substance that helps keep **alveoli open**
40
nares
flaring of the nostrils nare/flare/ nare nose flare
41
hyaline membrane
ground-glass appearance on xray nrds
42
alveolar consolidation
fluid in the alveoli
43
HMD
hyaline membrane disease, nrds
44
bronchogenic carcinoma aka what cause tx
**lung disease,** **malignancy** of the **epithelium** of the bronchial tree, **masses block air passageways and alveoli,** spread and **metstasize** to other areas, like lymph nodes, liver, bones, brain, kidneys, smoking causes most lung cancers, tx depends on stages, prognosis generally poor
45
abnormal breath sounds
abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs or airways commonly leading to a dx of respiratory or cardiac condition; also called **adventitiou**s breath sounds
46
adventitious breath sounds
**abnormal sounds** or **noises** heard over the lungs or airways commonly leading to a **dx of respiratory or cardiac condition**
47
crackle or rale
**intermittent sounds** caused by **exudates, spasms, hyperplasia**, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale excudate=a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation. hyperplasia = the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by
48
rhoncus
**continuous** sounds heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in the larger airways commonly resembling snoring
49
stridor
**high-pitched harsh sound** caused by the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused byor swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway (may be lifethreatening)
50
wheeze
whistling or sighing results from **narrowing of the lumen** of the respiratory passageway (asthma, hayfever, obstructive emphysema)
51
acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids, resp acidosis is assoc with pulmonary insufficiency and subsequent retention of CO2
52
anosmia
absence of the sense of smell
53
apnea
**disorder** in which **breathing stops repeatedly during sleep**, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing the pt to awaken gasping for air aka sleep apnea
54
Central CSA
**central sleep apnea** a form of sleep apnea occurs when the **brain fails to stimulate** breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing (cheyne-stokes type of apnea) **brain-breathing**
55
Obstructive OSA
most common form of sleep apena caused by **upper airway blockage** that prevents an adequate flow of the air to the lungs blockage in airway
56
mixed apnea
type of sleep apnea occurs when **central sleep apnea** and **obstructive apnea occur simultaneously** **brain breathing and airway obstructed**
57
atelectasis
collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung (complication of some surgical procedures like the chest) incomplete dilation or expansion of the lung
58
coryza
acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose; also called rhinitis
59
croup
common childhood condition involving **inflammation** of the **larynx,** **trachea**, and **bronchial** passages and sometimes involving the lungs
60
cystic fibrosis
life-threatening genetic disease causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas
61
epiglottitis ## Footnote what why who S/S
severe life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures most commonly in children bw ages 2-12, fever dyspagia, inspiratory strider, severe resp distress
62
epitaxis
nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed
63
hypoxemia
oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, which is usually a sign of respiratory impairment and comonly causes hypoxia
64
hypoxiA
oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body commonly causes cyanosis
65
influenza
acute contagious viral disorder of the resp. tract charact by weakness, fever, chills, muscle pain, esp in back, arms, legs (flu)
66
pertussis
acute infectious disease cough has a characteristic whoop sound aka whooping cough
67
pleural effusion
abnormal **accumulation of fluid** in the **pleural cavity** that impairs breathing by **limiting the expansion** of the lungs
68
empyema or pyothorax
exudative effusion collection of **pus in the pleural cavity,** bacterial pneumonia that spread from the lungs pyo=pus thorax = chest
69
pneumothorax
**presence of air in the pleural cavity,** caused by a blunt or penetrating **chest injury** or **throracic surgery -** causes partial or complete collapse of the lung (atelectasis)
70
pleurisy
**inflammation of the plueral membrane** **stabbing pain** that is intensified by **coughing or deep breathi**ng; also called **pleuritis**
71
pulmonary edema
accumulatation of extravascular **fluid** in **lung** tissues and **alveoli**, most commonly caused by heart failure
72
pulmonary embolism
**blockage in an artery of the lungs** caused by a **mass of undissolved matter** such as a **blood clot,** **air bubbles** and **bacteria** that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body
73
embol-
plug
74
sudden infant death syndrome
SIDS, completely **unexpected** and **unexplained death** of an apparently normal, **healthy infant,** **usually** less than 12 months aka **crib death**
75
TB
tuberculosis

WB Med. Term (23 decks)

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