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WB Med. Term > chapter 7 Respiratory System - diseases > Flashcards

chapter 7 Respiratory System - diseases Flashcards

1
Q

thoracodynia

A

chest pain

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2
Q

respiratory disorder

signs and symptoms

A

dry or productive cough,

chest pain,

altered breathing patterns,

SOB,

cyanosis,

fever

and exercise intolerance

may begin as acute but become chronic over time

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3
Q

pulmonology

A

concerned with disorders of the respiratory system, pulmonologist

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4
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

chronic partial obstruction of air passages

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5
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing,

part of COPD,

limited airflow in and out of lungs

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6
Q

when is COPD diagnosed

A

after pt has lost some lung capacity,

can have it without knowing it

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7
Q

3 common disorders of COPD

A

asthma,

chronic bronchitis,

emphysema

a, b, e

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8
Q

asthma

produces:

results in:

caused by

overtime

A

produces bronchospasms

may be sudden and violent (paroxysmal)

causing dyspnea,

cause; allergies, irritants, cold, stress, exercise, coughing produces mucus,

overtime epithelium of bronchial passage thickens, breathing is more difficult, and flair ups happen more often

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9
Q

bronchospasms

A

spasms in the bronchial passage way.

may be paroxysmal - violent and sudden

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10
Q

paroxysmal

A

sudden and violent bronchospasm

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11
Q

productive cough

A

mucus

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12
Q

exacerbations

A

flare ups of disease

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13
Q

mucolytics

A

agents to break down mucus

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14
Q

bronchodilators

A

agent to expand the bronchi by relaxing smooth muscle

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15
Q

status asthmaticus

A

life threatening bronchospasm

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16
Q

stages of COPD

A
  1. at risk, mild,
  2. moderate,
  3. severe,
  4. very severe
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17
Q

COPD at risk level

A

minor diff with airflow,

presence of cough with sputum,

maybe unaware of disease

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18
Q

COPD 2. Moderate level

A

limitation with airflow,

poss SOB,

seek medical attention

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19
Q

COPD 3. severe

A

inadequate airflow,

increase SOB with activity,

diminish quality of life

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20
Q

COPD 4. very severe

A

severe airflow limitations,

sig impair qual of life,

poss life-threatening,

pos dev of complications such as resp or heart failure

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21
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

what

caused by

characterized by

tx

A

inflammation of the bronchi

smoking

air pollution,

virus and bacteria can cause,

characterized by swelling of mucosa and heavy productive cough accomp with chest pain,

seek med help when intolerance, wheezing, SOB, TX=bronchodilators and expectorants, sometimes steroids

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22
Q

expectorants

A

agents aid in the removal of mucus

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23
Q

emphysema

what

who

A

decreased elasticity of alveoli,

alveoli expand( dilate) but can’t contract to usual size making it dif to exhale,

usually with asthma, TB, or chronic bronchitis, long-term heavy smokers

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24
Q

barrel chested

why

who

A

from emphysema,

air is not exhaled

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25
Q

orthopnea and emphysema

A

easier to breath sitting or standing

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26
Q

pneumonia

what

where

cause

A

inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, esp alveoli,

fluids collect in the alveoli and lung tissue is spongy, swollen, engorged (consolidation),

exchange of air diff,

viral, bacterial, inhaled substances

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27
Q

consolodation

A

wet, engorged lung tissue

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28
Q

aspiration pneumonias

A

inhale food, vomitus, liquids causing pneumonia

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29
Q

lobar pneumonia

cause

where

who gets it

tx

A

bacterial

affects large portion of lobe,

usually in young healthy adults,

is primay pneumonia,

needs antibiotics

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30
Q

bronchopneumonia

what

where

who

type

A

cause; wider variety of organisms

and is centered in bronchi and surrounding alveoli,

in infants and elderly,

and suffering other diseases, like cancer, heart fail, immune disorders,

is secondary pneumonia

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31
Q

pneumocytis pneumonia (PCP)

who

why

A

type of pneumonia assoc with AIDS,

org in people (flora) but is opportunistic in immune compromised

32
Q

mucopurulent sputum

A

sputum with white blood cells

33
Q

common signs of pneumonia

A

thoracodynia,

dyspnea,

hemotysis,

coughing up sputum containing white blood cells and mucopurulent sputum

chest pain, breathing pain, spit blood, spit sputum

34
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

ARDS,

lungs no longer function effectively,

threatening life of pt,

usually result of serious lung cond,

such as trauma,

severe pneumonia,

other systemic infections

or sepsis

35
Q

causes of ARDS

A

alveoli fill with fluid

caused by inflammation and collapse making o2 exchange impossible.

usually need mechanical ventilation

36
Q

NRDS

what

who

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,

form of ARDS

in preterm infants or

infants born to diabetic mohters,

37
Q

NRDS causes

A

insufficient surfactant,

the alveioli collapse

and breathing becomes labored

38
Q

SS of NRDS

A

cyoanosis of the extremities,

flaring of the nostrils,

rapid breathing,

characteristic grunt

blue nose fast grunt

39
Q

surfactant

A

phospholipid substance that helps keep alveoli open

40
Q

nares

A

flaring of the nostrils

nare/flare/

nare nose flare

41
Q

hyaline membrane

A

ground-glass appearance on xray

nrds

42
Q

alveolar consolidation

A

fluid in the alveoli

43
Q

HMD

A

hyaline membrane disease,

nrds

44
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

aka

what

cause

tx

A

lung disease,

malignancy of the epithelium of the bronchial tree,

masses block air passageways and alveoli,

spread and metstasize to other areas,

like lymph nodes, liver, bones, brain, kidneys,

smoking causes most lung cancers,

tx depends on stages, prognosis generally poor

45
Q

abnormal breath sounds

A

abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs or airways commonly leading to a dx of respiratory or cardiac condition;

also called adventitious breath sounds

46
Q

adventitious breath sounds

A

abnormal sounds or noises heard over the lungs or airways commonly leading to a dx of respiratory or cardiac condition

47
Q

crackle or rale

A

intermittent sounds

caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia,

or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli;

also called rale

excudate=a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation.

hyperplasia = the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by

48
Q

rhoncus

A

continuous sounds heard during inspiration and expiration

caused by secretions in the larger airways

commonly resembling snoring

49
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched harsh sound

caused by the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused byor swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway (may be lifethreatening)

50
Q

wheeze

A

whistling or sighing

results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

(asthma, hayfever, obstructive emphysema)

51
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of body fluids,

resp acidosis is assoc with pulmonary insufficiency and subsequent retention of CO2

52
Q

anosmia

A

absence of the sense of smell

53
Q

apnea

A

disorder in which breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation,

causing the pt to awaken gasping for air

aka sleep apnea

54
Q

Central CSA

A

central sleep apnea

a form of sleep apnea

occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing (cheyne-stokes type of apnea)

brain-breathing

55
Q

Obstructive OSA

A

most common form of sleep apena

caused by upper airway blockage

that prevents an adequate flow of the air to the lungs

blockage in airway

56
Q

mixed apnea

A

type of sleep apnea

occurs when central sleep apnea and obstructive apnea occur simultaneously

brain breathing and airway obstructed

57
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless state of the lung,

which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of a lung

(complication of some surgical procedures like the chest)

incomplete dilation or expansion of the lung

58
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose;

also called rhinitis

59
Q

croup

A

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages

and sometimes involving the lungs

60
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

life-threatening genetic disease

causing mucus to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts,

especially in the lungs and pancreas

61
Q

epiglottitis

what

why

who

S/S

A

severe life-threatening

infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures

most commonly in children bw ages 2-12,

fever dyspagia, inspiratory strider, severe resp distress

62
Q

epitaxis

A

nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed

63
Q

hypoxemia

A

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood,

which is usually a sign of respiratory impairment and comonly causes hypoxia

64
Q

hypoxiA

A

oxygen deficiency in the body or a region of the body

commonly causes cyanosis

65
Q

influenza

A

acute contagious viral disorder of the resp. tract

charact by weakness, fever, chills, muscle pain, esp in back, arms, legs (flu)

66
Q

pertussis

A

acute infectious disease

cough has a characteristic whoop sound

aka whooping cough

67
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid

in the pleural cavity that

impairs breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

68
Q

empyema or pyothorax

A

exudative effusion

collection of pus in the pleural cavity,

bacterial pneumonia that spread from the lungs

pyo=pus

thorax = chest

69
Q

pneumothorax

A

presence of air in the pleural cavity,

caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury

or throracic surgery -

causes partial or complete collapse of the lung (atelectasis)

70
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the plueral membrane

stabbing pain

that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing;

also called pleuritis

71
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulatation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli,

most commonly caused by heart failure

72
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage in an artery of the lungs

caused by a mass of undissolved matter

such as a blood clot,

air bubbles and bacteria that has traveled to the lungs from another part of the body

73
Q

embol-

A

plug

74
Q

sudden infant death syndrome

A

SIDS,

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant,

usually less than 12 months

aka crib death

75
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

WB Med. Term (23 decks)

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