Copy of integumentary system chapter 5 - Sheet1 Flashcards
skin
integument
integumentary system
skin with accessory organs - hair, nails, glands
What does the integumentary system do?
tissues with glands that produce secretionsn, nerves, blood vessels, that regulate body temperature
androgen
agent (hormone like testosterone or androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics, regulates sebum
doctule
very small duct duct; to lead;carry, ule - small minute
homeostasis
state of equilibrium of the internal env of the body despite changes in external env
sythesize
forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements (skin synthesizes vit D)
epidermis
very thin outer layer of skin, thickest on palms and soles
strata
sublayers of epidermis
stratum corneum
part of epidermis but second down
basal layer
3rd deepest layer of epidermis and of greatest importance
keratin
hard protein material
melanocytes
special cells in basal layer of epiedermis which produce black pigment called melanin
melanin
black pigment in basal layer to ward of ultraviolet radiation
albino
inability to produce melanin (which produces black pigment)
dermis
2nd layer of skin, aka corium
corium
another name for dermis 2nd layer of skin
sebaceous glands
oil glands in the dermis
sudoriferous glands
sweat glands in the dermis
subcutaneous layer
aka hypodermis, binds dermis to underlying structures and is made of adipose tissue with blood vessels
hypodermis
aka subcutaneous layer
adipose
fat tissue with blood vessels holding subcutaneous (hypodermis) with underlying tissues
exocrine glands
secrete substances through ducts to an outer surface of the body rather than directly into blood stream
axillae
armpit
sebum
the oily secretion in cells perpired onto surface of skin
hair shaft
visible part of hair
hair follicle
part embedded in the dermis
pupilla
loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering
alopecia
baldness
nail root
keratinized stratified, squamous epithelial cells produce tough covering
nail bed
layer of epithelium
nail body
(nail plate) visible nail area from nail root to free edge.
lunula
region of new growth on nail
adip/o
fat
lip/o
fat
steat/o
fat
cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o
skin
hidr/o
sweat
sudor/o
sweat
ichthy/o
dry, scaly
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard; cornea, keratin
melan/o
black
myc/o
fungus
onych/o
nail
ungu/o
nail
pi/o
hair (pil/o/nid/al -nid - nest - growth of hair in dermoid cyst
sclero
hardening; sclera
seb/o
sebum, sebaceous
squam/o
scale (squamous - pertaining to scales)
xen/o
foreign, strange
xer/o
dry, scaly
-derma
skin
py/o
pus
-therapy
treatment
lesions
areas of tissue that have been pathological altered by injury, wound, or infection
localized
definite size of lesion
systemic
lesions widely spread
primary skin lesions
intial reaction to pathologically altered tissue either flat or elevated
secondary skin lesions
changes that take place in primary lesion as a result of infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of disease
macule
primary lesion flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1cm in dia (ie rash in rubella)
papule
solid elevated lesion less than 1 cm dia (wart, pimple ringworm0
Nodule
solid elevated lesion larger and deeper than papule (2 cm) benign, malig tumor
tumor
solid elevatedlesion larger than 2 cm in dia in dermal and subcut. layers (lipoma, steatoma)
Wheal
elevated firm rounded lesion with localized skin edema that varies in size, shape color, ligher in center (hives, bites)
vesicle
elevated circumscribed fluid filled lesion less than 0.5 cm (poison ivy, chicken pox)
pustule
small, raised, circumscribed fluid filled lession contains ps; less than 1 cm (acne)
bulla
a vesicle of blister larger than 1 cm in dia (2nd degree burns0
excoriations
linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasion of the epidermis (scratches, abrasions, chemical burns)
fissures
small slit or cracklike sore that extends into the dermal layer;
Ulcer
open sore or lesion tht extends into dermis and heals with scaring
4 solid elevated lesions
papule, nodule, tumor, wheal (smallest to largest)
3 fluid-filled elevated lesions
vesicule, postule, bulla
secondary lessions (3)
excoriation, fissure, ulcer
burn
tissue injury caused by contact with thermal, chemical, electrical, radioactive agents
burn classification
1st, 2nd, 3rd degree
superficial burns
least serious, first degree, injure only epidermis
thermal burn
contact with dry or moist heat
chemical burn
exposure to chemicals (usually 1st degree0
hyperesthesia
acute sensitivity to such sensory stimuli as touch, heat or cold
partial thickness burn
second degree burn, deep burns that damage epidermis and dermis (flames, hot liquids)
full thickness burn
3rd degree - epidermis, dermis destroyed, some underlying connective tissue damaged (corrosives, electricity)
neoplasms
abnormal growths of new tissue that are benign or malignant
benign neoplasms
noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing
malignant neoplasms
cancer cells tha become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (metastasis)
metastasis
spreading of cancer cells to regions of the body
immunotherapy
aka biotherapy - is a newer treatment that stimulates the body’s own immune defenses to figh tumor cells
tumor grading
cells from tumor site are evaluated to det how closeley the bx tissue resembles normal tissue, grades of severity
anaplasia
cells spread to surrounding tissue, revert back to their primitive state
grade I tumor grading
tumor cells well differentiated
grade II tumor grading
tumor cells moderately or poorly diff
grade III tumor grading
tumor cells poorly diff
grade IV
tumor cells very poorly diff
TNM system of tumor staging
tumor, node, metastasis,
basal cell carcinoma
malignancy of basal layers or hair follicles
squamous cell carcinoma
skin that undergoes pathological hardening (keratinizing) of the epidermal cells
keratinizing
hardening of epidermal cells
carcinogen
cancer-causing agents
xeroderma pigmentosum
genetic dx decreased ability to repair DNA damage
albinism
congenital absence of pigmentation
Bowen Disease
very early from of skin cancer easily curable
in situ
squamous cell carcnoma confined to its original site
invasive squamous cell carcinoma
penetrates surrounding tissue
malignant melanoma
malignant growth of melanocytes
biopsy
histological examination
abscess
localized collection of pus at the site of infection (staph infect)
acne
inflam disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that include blackheads etc.
cellulitis
diffuse widespread, acute infection if the skin and sub cut tissue
chloasma
pigmentarh skin discoloration usually occuring in yellowish-brown patches or spots
comedo
typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris casued by accum of kertin, bacteria, dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin
decubitus ulcer
inflammation, sore, skin det caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one posit that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually elderly bedridden
pressure ulcer
same as decubitus ulcer
ecchymosis
skin discoloration cons of large irreg formed hemorrhagic area with colors changeing from bluish black to greeenish brown or yellow (bruise)
bruise
ecchymosis
eczema
chronic inflam skin dondit that is charc by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs accom with itching aka atopic dermatitis
erythema
redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
eschar
dead matter that is sloughed off from surface of skin, esp after a burn
impetigo
bacterial skin infect char by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
keratosis
thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth of the skin (callus, wart)
lentigo
small brown macules, esp on face and arms brought on by sun exposure in middle-age or older person
pallor
unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
pediculosis
infestation with lice, (pedicul - lice)
petechia
minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
pruritus
intense itching
purpura
any of several bleeding disorders char by hemorrhage into the tissues
scabies
contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
tinea
fungal skin infection aka ringworm
urticaria
allergic reaction of the skin char by eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
verruca
epidermal growth caused by virus; also known as warts
vitilgo
localized loss of skin pig char b milk-white patches
patch
skin test that id allergic contact dermatitis
scratch
skin test id suspect allergens by placing small quant of allergen on scratched area
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
lab test to determ presence of pathogens in pts with suspected wound infections and id approp drug therapy
biopsy (Bx, bx)
rep tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic exam
frozen section (FS)
ultrathin slice of tissue from a froz spec for immed pathological exam
needle
removal of small tissue sample for exam using hollow needle
punch
removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
shave
removal of elevated lesions using surgical blade
Mohs
Proc that involves prog removal and exam of layers of cancer-containing skin unitl only C-free tissues remains; aka micrographic surgery
skin graft
transplant of healthy tissue on injured site
allograft
transplant of healthy tissue from one person to another person aka homograft
autograft
transplant of healthy tissue from one person to another site of the same ind
synthetic
transplantation of artificial skin prod from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
xenograph
trasplantation of (dermis only) from a foreign donor (usually a pig) and transferred into a human (aka heterograft
chemical peel
chemical removal of the outer layer of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses aka chemabasion
cytosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature (com liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumor, wart, unwatnted, cancerous, infected tissue
debridement
removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
dermabrasion
rubbing abrasion using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis
fulguration
tissue destruction by means of high -freq electric current; aka electrodesiccation
PDT
photodynamic therapy - proc in which cells selectively treated with an agent called photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells
anti acne agents
benzoyl peroxide,( PanOxyl) tretinoin (retin A)
anti fungals
itraconazole, (sporanox) terbinafine, (lamisil) fluconazole (diflucan)
antihistamines
diphenhydramine (benadryl) hydroxyzine (vistaril, atarax)
antiparasitics
lindane (Kwell, Thion), Permethrin (Nix)
antiseptics
ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine (betadine)
Corticosteroids
hydrocortisone (cetacort, cortaid)
keratolytics
salicylic acid (sebasorb, psoriasin, Urea ( kerafoam, Keraluc)
protectives
lotions, ointments
topic anesthetics
lidocaine procain (novocain)
Bx, bx
biopsy
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
C&S
culture and sensitivity
CA
cancer, chronological age, cardiac arrest
FS
frozen section
ID
intradermal
I&D
incision and drainage
IMP
impression (diagnosis)
IV
intravenous
TNM
tumor-node-metastasis
ung
ointment
XP, XDP
xeroderma pigmentosum
stratum corneum
dead flat cells that lack blood flow
melanoma
also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes
albinism
Albinism is a group of inherited disorders that results in little or no production of the pigment melanin, which determines the color of the skin, hair and eyes.
vitilgo
Vitiligo is a condition in which white patches develop on the skin. Any location on the body can be affected, and most people with vitiligo have white patches on many areas.
eczema
also called atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition marked by itchy and inflamed patches of skin.
psoriasis
Psoriasis is a skin disorder that causes skin cells to multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. This makes the skin build up into bumpy red patches covered with white scales …
papilloma/warts
Papillomas are tumors that grow from epithelial tissue and form outward finger-like fronds. They can be benign or malignant.
dermatomycosis (fungal infection)
uncommon inflammatory disease marked by muscle weakness and a distinctive skin rash.
onychomycosis
Onychomycosis is fungal infection of the nail plate, nail bed, or both. The nails typically are deformed and discolored white or yellow.
hirsutism
condition in women in which you have a lot of hair growing in places where it usually does just for men.
alopecia
hair loss that can be caused by heredity, aging, disease, medications or lifestyle.
pruritus
uncomfortable, irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch.
hidrosis
abnormally excessive sweating that’s not necessarily related to heat or exercise.
scabies
itchy skin condition caused by a tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. Intense itching occurs in the area where the mite burrows.
