Digestive System Flashcards
What are polymers
monomers to be absorbed by the cell
What is the 4 part process of digestion
1) Ingestion: act of eating
2)Digestion: polymers->monomers
3)Absoprtion: taking in absorb food by cell assimimilation
4) Elimination: removal of undigested waste
Types of Digestion
Two types
1) Mechanical digestion: structures or actions breaks polymers into smaller workable units
2) Chemical digestion:enzymes break into smaller workable units into monomers
What does amylase do?
Break down carbohydrates
Where does digestion begin?
The mouth
What are Polysaccharides
smaller workable units
Order of chemicals in digestion
Polysaccharide, dissaccharide, dissachride, monosaccharide
Where does lipid and protein digestion start and end?
In the stomach and completed in the small intestine
What do lipases do?
breaks down lipids
Lipids are
glycerol +3 fatty acids
Proteins are broken down by
proteases
Proteases…
digest proteins; secreated in an inactive form called zymogens
Zymogens are…
activated by pH
Organs of the digestive system
mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary gland
Function of esophagus
moves food from mouth to stomach
Stomach is
the reservoir where food is temporarily stored
Stomach is divided into 3 parts which are
1) Fundus: top part of the stomach
2) Body: main part/middle
3) Plupus: the bottom part of the stomach
Functions of the stomach
temporary place for food; contain gastric juices which start digestion for proteins, and churns food into smaller particles which aid in digestion, limit amount of absorption in the stomach
what are the glands and secretion of the stomach
1) parietal cell: secrete hydrochloric acid
2) chief cells: secrete pepsinogen
3) Mucous cells: secrete mucus
Small intestine is
major organ of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine
1) duodenum: first ten inches
2) jejunum: next 8 feet
3) Illeium: last 12 feet
functions of small intestine
complete digestion of food, absorb end products of digestion, and secrete hormones
Large intestine does what
reclaims water
The three subdivisions of the large intestine
1) cecum: first 2-3 inches
2)colon: the next 5 feet
3)rectum: last 7-8 inches
functions of large intestine
absorb water, eliminate fecal matter from the body
Pancreas functions
produces several enzymes, produces biocarbonate to necitralize the acidic gastric juices, makes insulin which contains blood sugar
