digestive system

Question 1

what does lacteal consist of

Answer 1

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 2

what are the 6 basic activities of the digestive system

Answer 2

ingestion of food and water
mechanical digestion of food
chemical digestion of food
movement of food along the alimentary canal
absorption of digested food and water into the blood and lymph

Question 3

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 3

large pieces of food smashed into smaller pieces of food

Question 4

what is chemical digestion

Answer 4

pieces of food turned into nutrients

Question 5

what chemically digests food

Answer 5

enzymes

Question 6

what is the process of mechanical digestion

Answer 6

1. mouth - crushing
2. stomach - muscles turn food into chyme
3. peristalsis - rhythmical contractions of circular muscle push food along the small intestine
4. segmentation - small segments in the small intestine form due to the circular muscle contracting

Question 7

what is peristalsis - draw a diagram

Answer 7

the circular muscle pushing food along the small intestine

Question 8

what do these foods form after digestion:
carbohydrates 
proteins
lipids
nucleic acid

Answer 8

glucose
peptides and amino acids
fatty acids and glycerol
nucleotides

Question 9

why is the small intestine fit for absorption

Answer 9

approximately 6m long
large surface area
folds in the inner lining providing more surface area
contains digestive enzymes

Question 10

describe simple diffusion in terms of absorption

Answer 10

the high concentration of nutrients on the interior of the small intestine is diffused into the low concentration of cells in the inner lining.

Question 11

what does the lacteal absorb and how

Answer 11

fatty acids and glycerol via simple diffusion.

Question 12

what do fatty acids and glycerol recombine to become, and what happens after they are recombined

Answer 12

they form fats, which then enter the lacteals and are transported to the lymph system

Question 13

what does the blood capillary absorb

Answer 13

water, vitamins and minerals via diffusion

glucose and amino acids via active transport

Question 14

what does the small intestine consist of

Answer 14

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 15

where is bile produced, secreted and stored

Answer 15

liver
liver
gall bladder

Question 16

what do bile salts do

Answer 16

emulsify fat into tiny droplets which increases the surface area for lipids

Question 17

list 5 features of the large intestine

Answer 17

1.5m long
rectum stores faeces
no villi
no enzymes secreted
slow movement of material
glandular cells secret muscus
contents become more solid

Question 18

what 3 muscles do the stomach have

Answer 18

oblique
circular
longitudinal

Question 19

what is the mucosa specialised for

Answer 19

secretion of gastric juices containing Hal, mucus and digestive enzymes

Question 20

what is gastric juice responsible for

Answer 20

chemical digestion

Question 21

what does the acidic environment of the stomach allow

Answer 21

pepsinogen to be converted to pepsin

Question 22

why is not nutrients not absorbed by the stomach

Answer 22

because the internal surface is covered by a layer of mucus which protects stomach cells from the acidic environment

Question 23

what do the organs of the excretory system do

Answer 23

process and remove waste

Question 24

describe how the lungs are involved in the excretory system

Answer 24

gaseous exchange

Question 25

describe how the liver are involved in the excretory system

Answer 25

process substances so they can be secreted

Question 26

describe how the sweat glands are involved in the excretory system

Answer 26

contains by-products of metabolism such as salts, urea and lactic acid

Question 27

describe how the kidneys are involved in the excretory system

Answer 27

maintain constant concentration of materials in the body fluids