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PA3201 final > Digestive Patho 2 > Flashcards

Digestive Patho 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is duodenal atresia

A

Congenital narrowing or obstruction of duodenal lumen
Common in pts w down syndrom
causes vomiting at birth

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2
Q

What is a small intestine adhesion and problem associated 1

A

connective tussle forms between loops of sm intestine, attaching them together
-can cause mechanical obstruction

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3
Q

What is a small intestine infarction and what is it due to?

A

-Intestinal loops are enlarged with hemorrhage inside wall (subserosa hemorrhages)

due to abdominal wall hernia (when there is an increase in intraabdominal pressure the sm intestine protrudes into opening created by defect in ant abdominal wall)

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4
Q

What is cecal volulus and what can it cause

A
  • Twisting of intestinal segments on its mesentery (looks like deflated balloon)
  • leads to ischemia, obstruction or both
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5
Q

What is ischemic enteritis and causes

A

ishemic condition as result of improper blood supply in areas of sup and inf mesenteric arteries

causes: hypotension from cardiac failure, from marked blood loss or loss of blood supply from mechanical obstruction

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6
Q

Do bowel infants happen from atherosclerotic narrowing or thromboembolism

A

not usually because of the widely anastomosing blood supply

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7
Q

What is peritonitis + is it a surgical emergency

A

Severe inflammation of peritoneal cavity

surgical emergency

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8
Q

What is peritonitis a complication of and s/s

A

-acute intestinal trauma, acute GI disease, spontaneous perforations of organs, inflammation in area or trauma

S/s- Guarding, feverish, dehydrated, septic shock

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9
Q

Where is a carcinoid tumor located and d/d

A

small intestine

s/s- cutaneous flushing, unexplained diarrhea, bronchospasm/wheezing, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis

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10
Q

What is an ampler adenocarcinoma and why is it noteworthy

A

arose from ampulla of vater
-primary small intestine carcinomas are very rare, but the majority of those that do occur arise in the region of the ampulla

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11
Q

What is mockers diverticulum

A

Congenital anomaly of the bowel (eminent of embryonic duct which does properly get obliterated during both))

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12
Q

Rule of number 2 with Meckels diverticulum

A

2% of people have them, only 2% of people are asymptomatic, they are usually located 2 feet from the ileocecal valve and 2 inches long

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13
Q

Small bowel obstruction cause, s/s

A

usually as a a result of post surgical adhesions, incarcerated indirect inguinal hernia, volvulus or tumor

s.s- Colic abdominal pain, constipation, distension of abdomen, no rebound tenderness, high pitched sounds on auscultation

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14
Q

Small bowel infarction cause, s.s

A

Usually occurs secondary to embolization or thrombosis of either artery or vein

s.s- sudden onset of diffuse abdominal pain, absent bowel sounds, no rebound tenderness initially, bloody diarrhea

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15
Q

What is invasive diarrhea and cause

A

due to pathogens invading enterocytes (low volume diarrhoea

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16
Q

What is secretory diarrhoea and causes

A

Usually causes loss of isotonic fluid (high volume diarrhea)

causes
-Medications, enterotoxins, serotonin, cholera, ecoli

17
Q

What is osmotic diarrhea and causes

A

Due to osmotically active substance that draws hypotonic salt out of the bowel (high volume diahreea)

Causes

  • disaccharide def
  • Parasitic inf
  • Ingestion of poorly absorbable slid
18
Q

what is pathogenic diarrhea and 3 major viral causes

A

Descrived as presentation of symptomatic invasive or secretory diarrhea

  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Norwalk virus
  • Rotavirus
19
Q

What is pancreatic lipase def and causes

A

Causes triglycerides to breakdown into monoglycerides and fatty acids

due to:

  • Chronic pancreatis
  • Cytic fibrosis
  • Alcoholics
20
Q

What is fat soluble vit def

A

Some ppl not able to create micelles, containing fatty acids, chylomicrons and fat soluble bits

  • wil be fel in fat soluble its
  • will cause reduction on bile salts and acids
21
Q

What is short gut syndrome and causes

A

Due to

  • histological or surgical changes- not enough surface area to absorb micelles
  • previous GI surgeries
  • Absent or blunted villi
22
Q

What is celiac disease and cuse

A

Autoimmune IgG and IgA antibody disease (anti tissue transglutamidase, anti gladden etc)

-Ingestion of certain grains that contain gluten with gladden pro will cause celiac

23
Q

s.s of celiac disease

A
  • malabsorbtion
  • abdominal pain
  • nausea/vomitting
  • skin manifestation (dermatitis herpetiformis)
24
Q

complications of celiac disease

A
  • increased risk of gastro lymphoma and adenocarcinoma
  • iron def anemia
  • osteopenia
25
Q

Which allele does 95% of pts with celiac have

A

HLA DQ2 allele

26
Q

What is whippets disease, s/s

A

A Rare bacterial infection caused by bacterium tropheryma whipplei
-inhibits normal digestion by impairing the breakdown of foods and hindering the body’s ability to absorb nutrients

s/s- polyarthritis, malabsorbtion, lymphadenopathy, fever, increased skin pigmentation

27
Q

acute appendicitis in children + adults causes

A

Children- primarily viral causes

Adults- abstruction w fecal stones or presence of parasites in lumen of appendix

28
Q

What is pseudomembranous colitis and cause

A

Severe inflammation of colon w severly hyperemic colon

-usually due to bacterial infection w c. difficile

29
Q

What is familial polyposis

A

mucosal surface of the colon is essentially a carpet of small adenomatous polyps
-autosomal dominant inheritance

30
Q

What is one of the first signs of a colon adenocarcinoma

A

Blood in the stool is one of the first signs

31
Q

Colon cancer in right side vs left

A

right- tumors here often stay silent

left- tumors here present more with obstruction, presence of blood and mucosy diarrhea

32
Q

Complications of colon cancer

A
  • large bowel obstruction
  • perforation of colon and associated peritonitis
  • Lower GI bleed
33
Q

What s diverticulosis

A

Out pouching of the colon as a result of changes in wall of colon

34
Q

IBS vs IBD

A

IBS is a condition w no structural changes in intestinal or colonic mucosa

IBD does involve structural changes

35
Q

Chrons- loc, symptoms

A

Presents in the entire GI tract

symptoms- severe abdominal pain/diarrhea/ fistulizing disease

36
Q

Ulcerative colitis location, complications

A

Chronic inflammation of just the colon
-causes severe damage to colonic mucosa (limited to mucosal layers)

complications- Toxic dilation of colon, Performation of ulcers, pseudo polyps

PA3201 final (20 decks)

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