Digestive Patho 2 Flashcards
What is duodenal atresia
Congenital narrowing or obstruction of duodenal lumen
Common in pts w down syndrom
causes vomiting at birth
What is a small intestine adhesion and problem associated 1
connective tussle forms between loops of sm intestine, attaching them together
-can cause mechanical obstruction
What is a small intestine infarction and what is it due to?
-Intestinal loops are enlarged with hemorrhage inside wall (subserosa hemorrhages)
due to abdominal wall hernia (when there is an increase in intraabdominal pressure the sm intestine protrudes into opening created by defect in ant abdominal wall)
What is cecal volulus and what can it cause
- Twisting of intestinal segments on its mesentery (looks like deflated balloon)
- leads to ischemia, obstruction or both
What is ischemic enteritis and causes
ishemic condition as result of improper blood supply in areas of sup and inf mesenteric arteries
causes: hypotension from cardiac failure, from marked blood loss or loss of blood supply from mechanical obstruction
Do bowel infants happen from atherosclerotic narrowing or thromboembolism
not usually because of the widely anastomosing blood supply
What is peritonitis + is it a surgical emergency
Severe inflammation of peritoneal cavity
surgical emergency
What is peritonitis a complication of and s/s
-acute intestinal trauma, acute GI disease, spontaneous perforations of organs, inflammation in area or trauma
S/s- Guarding, feverish, dehydrated, septic shock
Where is a carcinoid tumor located and d/d
small intestine
s/s- cutaneous flushing, unexplained diarrhea, bronchospasm/wheezing, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis
What is an ampler adenocarcinoma and why is it noteworthy
arose from ampulla of vater
-primary small intestine carcinomas are very rare, but the majority of those that do occur arise in the region of the ampulla
What is mockers diverticulum
Congenital anomaly of the bowel (eminent of embryonic duct which does properly get obliterated during both))
Rule of number 2 with Meckels diverticulum
2% of people have them, only 2% of people are asymptomatic, they are usually located 2 feet from the ileocecal valve and 2 inches long
Small bowel obstruction cause, s/s
usually as a a result of post surgical adhesions, incarcerated indirect inguinal hernia, volvulus or tumor
s.s- Colic abdominal pain, constipation, distension of abdomen, no rebound tenderness, high pitched sounds on auscultation
Small bowel infarction cause, s.s
Usually occurs secondary to embolization or thrombosis of either artery or vein
s.s- sudden onset of diffuse abdominal pain, absent bowel sounds, no rebound tenderness initially, bloody diarrhea
What is invasive diarrhea and cause
due to pathogens invading enterocytes (low volume diarrhoea
What is secretory diarrhoea and causes
Usually causes loss of isotonic fluid (high volume diarrhea)
causes
-Medications, enterotoxins, serotonin, cholera, ecoli
What is osmotic diarrhea and causes
Due to osmotically active substance that draws hypotonic salt out of the bowel (high volume diahreea)
Causes
- disaccharide def
- Parasitic inf
- Ingestion of poorly absorbable slid
what is pathogenic diarrhea and 3 major viral causes
Descrived as presentation of symptomatic invasive or secretory diarrhea
- Cytomegalovirus
- Norwalk virus
- Rotavirus
What is pancreatic lipase def and causes
Causes triglycerides to breakdown into monoglycerides and fatty acids
due to:
- Chronic pancreatis
- Cytic fibrosis
- Alcoholics
What is fat soluble vit def
Some ppl not able to create micelles, containing fatty acids, chylomicrons and fat soluble bits
- wil be fel in fat soluble its
- will cause reduction on bile salts and acids
What is short gut syndrome and causes
Due to
- histological or surgical changes- not enough surface area to absorb micelles
- previous GI surgeries
- Absent or blunted villi
What is celiac disease and cuse
Autoimmune IgG and IgA antibody disease (anti tissue transglutamidase, anti gladden etc)
-Ingestion of certain grains that contain gluten with gladden pro will cause celiac
s.s of celiac disease
- malabsorbtion
- abdominal pain
- nausea/vomitting
- skin manifestation (dermatitis herpetiformis)
complications of celiac disease
- increased risk of gastro lymphoma and adenocarcinoma
- iron def anemia
- osteopenia
