Digestive Patho Flashcards
(30 cards)
What causes ulcers in the mouth
- viral inf
- Ulcerative colitis
- Chron’s
Common fungal, bac and viral inf of the mouth
Fungal- Canada albicans (thrush)
Bacterial- Coryneym diphterium, strep progenies, staphylococcus
Viral- Usually due to herpes, mumps, cocksackie
3 major causes of tooth discoloration
Tetracycline
Excessive fluoride (white discolouration)
Congenital erythropoietin porphyria (red/brown)
causes of vomitting
- non specific symptom*
- Gatroenteritis
- Appendicitis
- Pyloric stenosis
- Stenosiing gastic cancer
- intestinal obstruction
- gastroparesis
Blood in vommiting?
any amount is med emergency
Fresh blood w clots vs ground coffee color bleed loc
fresh- mc esophageal bleed
Ground coffee- Mc from stomach
GI causes of back pain
Peptic ulcer disease Small bowel pathology Large bowel pathology Pancreatic and duodenal pathology Gall bladder pathology
What are the congenital pathologies of the esophagus
Atresia- failure of embryological canalization (absent esophagus)
Agenesis- failure to develop esophagus
What is a hiatus hernia + what is it common in
protrusion of upper part of the stomach into the thorax via the diaphragmatic orifice
-in 25% of people undergoing investigation for dyspepsia
Why do hiatus hernias happen
Often due to increased intrabdomial pressure and loss of diaphragmatic mm tone
What are esophageal varices
Varices are localized dilations of veisn in lower 3rd of esophagus
-Acute hemorrhage is a frequent complication of esophageal varices
What is mallory weiss tear
Rupture of the esophageal mucosa
What is boerhaave syndrome
Perforation of the whole thickness of the esophageal wall
Related to repeated retching, forceful vomiting or trauma
what is Barretts esophagus, what causes it and what does it lead to an increased risk for
Long term consequence of reflux (GERD)
-Increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma
Histology of barrets esophagus
Intestinal metaplasia
2 types of esophageal cancers
Squamus carcinoma- arising from squamus cells
adenocarcinoma- arising from glandular cells
Main risk factors of squamous carcinoma
tabacco
alcohol
nitrosamine
vit def
adenocarcinoma causes/risk factors
- Prevelent in males
- GERD and barrets esophagus are the mc predisposing risk factors for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma
What is pyloric stenosis and when does it usually present
Idiopathic hypertrophy of the circular pyloric mm coat causing an outflow obstruction of the stomach
-present 2-3 w after birth
What is erosive gastritis
when the superficial mucosa gets eroded away
Potential causes of peptic ulcer disease + mc
Smoking spicy food Stress H pylori (MC, 85%) NSAIDs Chronic use of steroids
What is zollinger Ellison syndrome
Rare digestive disorder that results in too much gastuc acid
-excess gastric acid can cause peptic ulcers in the stomach and intestine
Complications of a peptic ulcer (if thru mucosal wall/duodenum)
Mucosal wall- causes perforation of the left gastric artery
Duodenum- Perforation of gastro duodenal artery
Other complications of peptic ulcer
Gastric malignancy Stomach perforation (ulcer is so deep that it penetrates mucosal, muscular and serosal layers and eventually causes hole in viscous organ of stomach
