Cardiac I Flashcards
What is sudden cardiac death and causes
The sudden unexpected death of a prev fit person
Causes:
- Acute cardiac failure as result of ischemic heart disease
- Sig narrowing of one or more coronary arteries
- recent myocardial infarction
- arrhythmias
What happens in a right to left shunt
Deoxygenated blood from right side enters left side of heart (deoxygenated blood delivered via major circulation)
What is teralogy of fallout and 4 major features
Cogentital right to left shunt
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
- Ventricular septal defect (the shunt)
- Aorta overrides the VSD
What is persistent trunks arteriosus
aortic and pulmonic trunks are left undivided at their outflow
What is transposition of great vessels
Right to left shunt
-Outflow of the right ventricle is into the aorta and the outflow of the left ventricle is into the pulmonic trunk
__complete reversal of blood flow__
Conditions causing Left to Right Shunt
- ventricular septal defect
- Atrial septal defect
- Patent ductus arteriosis
- antrioventricular sepal defect (down syndrome)
What is eisenmenger syndrome
Left to right shunt increases pulmonary resistance and eventually leads to reversal of the shunt to right to left
What is patent ductus arteriosis
Persistent communication bw descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery
What is an atrial and ventral septal defect
Defect bw septum of the heart, wither bw 2 atria or 2 ventricles
What is a condition causing obstruction and ex
abnormal formed valve or vessel leads to pressure overload of the involved atrium or ventricle
ex. Coarctation of aorta (25% of pts have bicuspid aortic valve)
What is ischemic heart disease and 3 loc it can happen in
-Number 1 disease killer in the world
- -Left ant descending artery
- -Circumflex
- -Righ coronary
s/s of left anterior decending artery ischemia
Artery of sudden death
50% of cases
What are features of circumflex ischemia
ECG changes in leads I and aVL and lat chest
20% of cases
Right coronary artery ischemia features
ECG changes in leads II, III, and aVF
30% of cases
Stable vs unstable angina**
Stable- chest pain due to fixed obstruction of coronary arteries. pain on exersion
Untable- Chest pain at rest or minimal exertion
