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Anatomy > Digestive Organs > Flashcards

Digestive Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Other name for Digestive tract

A

Alimentary Canal

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2
Q

Abdominal esophagus enters diaphragm- where?

A

at T10

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3
Q

Stomach

A

largest lumen organ

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4
Q

Small Intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

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5
Q

Large Intestine

A

Cecum and colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid)

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6
Q

Appendix

A

Lymphatics/immune organ but on gut tube so included here

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7
Q

Name 2 other digestive tract organs

A

Rectum and anal Canal

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8
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Liver, Gall Bladder (biliary tree), Pancreas, Appendix, spleen (lymphatic/immune), Kidneys (urinary system), Aorta/IVC, thoracic duct

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9
Q

What are the 3 embryonic divisions that the gut derived from

A

Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut

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10
Q

Foregut contains…

A

Esophagus to duodenum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen

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11
Q

Midgut contains…

A

Duodenum through small intestine and large intestine to 2/3 of the transverse colon

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12
Q

Hindgut contains…

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon through superior portion of the rectum

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13
Q

3 main (unpaired) branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the digestive tract

A
  • Celiac trunk
  • Superior Mesenteric Artery
  • Inferior Mesenteric Artery
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14
Q

The pancreas receives blood from…

A

Both celiac trunk and SMA

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15
Q

Celiac Trunk supplies the…

A

supplies the forgut

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16
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery supplies the…

A

Midgut

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17
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery supplies the…

A

Hindgut

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18
Q

Esophagus

A

Esophagus is mostly in thorax- only small part in abdomen

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19
Q

Vagus follows the esophagus through its hiatus- what happens to L and R vagus nerve?

A

Left and Right vagus nerves change course and become the anterior and posterior vagal trunks

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20
Q

Which part of vagus nerve is anterior and posterior part?

A

Anterior: Left vagus nerve
Posterior: right vagus nerve (behind the esophagus)

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21
Q

Esophagus arterial supply

A

Esophageal branches from celiac trunk and left inferior phrenic artery

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22
Q

Stomach-Cardia

A

near esophagus–the abdominal esophagus leads to the stomach and then part of stomach that esophagus dilates is the CARDIA

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23
Q

Stomach- Fondus

A

Above cardia–extra space

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24
Q

Parts of the Pyloric region

A

(pyloric region is the most inferior part)

  • Pyloric Antrum
  • Pyloric Canal
  • Pylorus: Pyloric constriction, pyloric sphincter, pyloric orifice
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25
Q

What happens in the pyloric region?

A

Stomach constricts and changes in internal aspect of the mucosa of stomach changes

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26
Q

What are the ridges of the stomach called? Which allow for it to stretch and accomidate

A

Rugae

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27
Q

What does the pyloric canal do?

A

Constricted. Slows things down/compresses everything to move down to the duodenum allowing things to move from large to small space

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28
Q

What does pyloric sphincter do?

A

Muscle that can contract pyloric constriction to regulate empyting contents of the stomach into duodenum (keeps food in stomach) long enough until it is exposed to HCL for more digestion

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29
Q

Blood supply to stomach

A
  • Left gastric Artery
  • Right Gastric Artery
  • Right gastro-omental
  • Left gastro-omental
  • Short gastric aa.
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30
Q

Where does Left gastric Artery branch from?

A

Celiac trunk

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31
Q

Where does right gastric artery branch from?

A

Hepatic Artery proper or common hepatic

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32
Q

what do R and L gastric do?

A

join together and form one

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33
Q

Where does RIght gastro-omental branch from?

A

gastroduodenal artery

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34
Q

Where does left gastro-omental branch from?

A

splenic artery (splenic comes from behind the stomach)

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35
Q

Where does short gastric aa branch from?

A

splenic artery

36
Q

Small intestine-Duodenum is divided into 4 parts

A
  • Superior part
  • Desending part
  • Inferior part
  • Ascending part
37
Q

Superior part of duodenum

A

(where stomach ends)

from pyloric orifice to neck of gall bladder

38
Q

Descending part of duodenum

A

begins at neck of gall bladder, extends to L3

-ontains MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA

39
Q

Major Duodenal Papilla

A

IN descending part of duodenum- enterance for bile and pancreatic ducts

40
Q

Inferior part of duodenum

A

crosses aorta, IVC and vertebral column

41
Q

Ascending part of duodenum

A

at L2

-terminates at duodenojejunal

42
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

A ligamental part of mesentary that holds ASCENDING PART of duodenum up- it is suspensory

43
Q

Blood supply to duodenum that branch off Gastroduodenal artery or superior gastroduodenal artery

A
  • Suptraduodenal artery
  • Anterior Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • Posterior superior pancreaticduodenal artery
44
Q

Blood supply to duodenum that branch off Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery or directly from SMA

A
  • Anterior inferior panreaticoduodenal artery

- Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

45
Q

Where does most blood supply to Duodenum come from?

A

Most blood supply comes from GASTRODUODENAL ARTERY (branch of common hepatic)

46
Q

Jejunum

A

Proximal 2/5 of small intestine

-Left upper quadrant

47
Q

Ileum

A
  • distal 3/5 of small intestine
  • Right lower quadrant
  • Ileocecal fold where joins cecum-forms valve
48
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Longest valve- regulates flow– in Ileum

49
Q

Jejunum blood supply

A

Jejunal arteries

50
Q

Where do jejunal arteries branch from

A

Superior mesenteric artery

51
Q

Ileum blood supply

A

Ileal arteries

52
Q

Where do Ileal branch from?

A
  • Superior Mesenteric Artery

- Ileocolic Artery (from SMA)

53
Q

How an you differentiate Jejunal and Ileal arteries?

A

By looking at mesentary

Jejunum: Small arcades, long vasorectra

Ileum: wider arcades, short vasorecta

54
Q

Large Intestine consists of…

A
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Colon
  • Rectum
  • Anal Canal
55
Q

Characteristics of Large Intestine

A
  • Large Diameter
  • Fat accumilations called OMENTAL APPENDICES
  • Longitudinal muscle called TANIEA COLI
  • Sacculations called HAUSTRA
56
Q

What does taniea coli do?

A

squishes intestine like an accordian and makes pockets called haustra

57
Q

Splenic Flexure=

A

Left colic flexure

58
Q

Hepatic Flexure=

A

Right colic fleure

59
Q

Cecum

A
  • First part of LARGE INTESTINE
  • sit in the R iliac fossa
  • Supplied by Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries
60
Q

Where do Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries branch from?

A

Ileocolic Artery from SMA

61
Q

Appendix

A
  • Narrow tube
  • Contains aggregations of lymphoid tissue
  • Supplied by Appendicular artery
62
Q

Where does appindicular artery branch from?

A

Iliocolic artery from SMA

63
Q

Blood supply to Ascending LI

A
  • Colic branch of ileocolic artery (from SMA)
  • Anterior and posterior cecal arteries (from SMA)
  • Right colic artery (from SMA)
64
Q

Blood supply to Transverse LI

A
  • Right Colic (from SMA)
  • Middle Colic (from SMA)
  • Left colic (from IMA)
65
Q

Blood supply to Descending LI

A

Left Colic (from IMA)

66
Q

Blood supply to Sigmoid LI

A

Sigmoidal arteries from IMA

67
Q

Are ascending and descending colon suspended by mesentary?

A

NO- are retroparatoneal and have paracolic gutters

68
Q

Paracolic Gutters

A

Material can pass through these to from one region to another within abdomen

69
Q

Immediately lateral to ascending and descending colon are…

A

Right and Left paracolic gutters

70
Q

Rectosigmoidal junction is around…

A

S3

71
Q

Rectum and Anal Canal

A

-Retroperitoneal

72
Q

Rectum and Anal Canal Blood supply

A
  • Superior Rectal Artery (from IMA)
  • Middle Rectal artery (from internal iliac)
  • Inferior rectal artery (from Internal iliac)
73
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of the Abdonimal GI tract is via Pre-aortic nodes

A
  • Celiac: forgut
  • Superior mesenteric: midgut
  • Inferior mesenteric: hindgut
74
Q

What is the Enteric Nervous System

A

The digestive tracts very own (intrinsic) nervous system. Located inside its walls

75
Q

What does Enteric Nervous system control?

A

-Controls coordinated contraction of the digestive tract to support movement of digested material (peristalsis), gastric fluid secretion, and gastric blood flow

76
Q

Can the ENS regulate itself?

A

Yes but it still receives input from the ANS

77
Q

Myenteric Plexus

A

whole plexus of nerves in musclar layer of entire gut tube- regulates contraction of this muscle and movement thru digestive tract (movement is called parastasis)

78
Q

Submucosal Plexus

A

where most glands are and where glandular secretion occurs- PNS- encourages digestion

79
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic regions…

A

Sympathetic-
Thoracolumbar region

Parasympathetic- Craniosacral region

80
Q

Splanchnic Nerves include __,___,___, in the abdomenopelvic cavity

A

Thoracic, lumbar, sacral & pelvic splanchnic nerves

81
Q

What innervates abdominal Viscera?

A

Splanchnic Nerves (nerves that connect the sympathetic trunk to plexuses/ganglia near aorta)

82
Q

___ and ___ wrap around the aorta near the major branches to the digestive tract

A

Abdominal prevertebral plexuses and ganglia

83
Q

What do plexuses carry?

A

Para and sympathetic nerves

84
Q

What do Ganglion carry?

A

ONLY sympa ORRR parasympathetic nerves (JUST ONE)

85
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation

A

Vagus Nerve and Pelvic Splanhnics

86
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Vagus Nerve:

  • Enters abdomen with esophagus and anterior and posterior vagal trunks
    • sends branches to abdominal prevertebral plexus
  • innervates fore- and mid-guts
87
Q

Pelvic Splanchnics

A
  • Arise from S2-S4
  • Enter inferior hypogastric plexus in the pelvis and move upward into inferior mesenteric part of prevertebral plexus
  • innervated hindgut

Anatomy (11 decks)

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